ABSTRACT
Several medicines are used in the nervous system disorders. Since there are several adverse effects of neurological medicines are reported, traditional and complementary medicine itself as new alternative regiment, which require further knowledge about the herbal medicine which the core center of complementary medicine. Lavandula angustifolia with the formal name of Lavandula Officinalis has many effects including widespread effect on central and peripheral nervous system, including antiinflammatory, anti-apoptosis, antioxidant, antimutant, and neuroprotective effects. It shows analgesic effects and can alleviate pain, tolerance and dependency similar to morphine. Lavandula angustifolia has anti - inflammatory effect. Also this plant affects on cellular mechanisms like oxidative reactions [decrease of oxidative stress], apoptosis [anti - apoptosis], and nitric oxide production decrease of no production], anti - mutation and anti - cancer by this plant is reportd. It seems that effects of Lavandula are mediated through Calcium-Calmodulin and its kinase dependent
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Eyes are among the most sensitive organs to chemical agents especially Sulfur mustard or Hun Distilled. Therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown on the decrease of epithelium of corneal injuries after being exposed to sulfur mustard. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of topically applied Bethametazone - Diclofenac Na in rabbits
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, thirty six rabbits were used. Animals were randomly divided into six equal groups [6 rabbits in each group] including control, solution and mustard groups and prophylaxis groups included Betamethasone, Diclofenac Na; Betamethasone-Diclofenac Na were applied before being exposed to the sulfur mustard solution. Animals were kept for 2 weeks and the drugs were used 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Slit-lamp examinations were performed under anesthesia before exposure and subsequently at days 1, 2, 5, 7, and 14 after sulfur mustard exposure by ophthalmologists. At the end of the 14th day, specimens of cornea were obtained for ultrastructural evaluation of corneal epithelium. Statistical analysis was performed by one way analysis of variance [ANOVA] with Tukey's test using SPSS 13 software
Results: No significant differences were found between the control and solvent groups as far as the variables were concerned. Corneal epithelial defect and severe changes in ultrastructure of corneal epithelial surface was found in the sulfur mustard group. Clinically, corneal epithelial defect in prophylactic Diclofenac Na group [4.2 +/- 1.32] decreased significantly when compared to the mustard group [68.7 +/- 8.42] [P=0.034]. Betamethasone-Diclofenac Na group [4.2 +/- 1.17] also decreased significantly when compared to the mustard group [68.7 +/- 8.42] [P=0.031]. The corneal epithelial defect was not seen in prophylactic Betamethasone group. Ultrastructural damage of corneal epithelial surface and their microvillus in Betamethasone group was similar to the control group
Conclusion: Betamethazone is capable of protecting corneal epithelial defect in the eyes of rabbits exposed to sulfur mustard
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HMT on protection of lung tissue exposed to HD in the rat. In this study twenty Albino Wistar adult male rats weighting 200 +/- 20 gram were used. Rats divided randomly into 4 groups [each group has 5 rats] as below: Normal saline group [NS], HMT group, HD group [0.25% HD] and HD+HMT group. Normal saline and HD solution were injected by intra tracheal catather. Animals in HMT and HD+HMT groups received HMT by intra peritoneal injection for 14 days daily. All rats were killed after 14 days, a part of lung tissue were removed, fixed and processed for histological evaluation by H and E staining and apoptotic cell death study by TUNEL kit. In addition, biochemical study [catalase enzyme] was measured in all groups. Histological examination and cell counting data revealed that there were no significant differences between Saline and HMT groups. Alveolar hemorrhage and inflammation, as well as, the number of apoptotic cells in the HD group was significantly increased when compared to HD+HMT group. HMT have prophylactic and therapeutics effects in the lung tissue against HD
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Lung/drug effects , Mustard Gas/toxicity , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
In addition to have side effects on adults and embryos, abused drugs by affective sex and hypophysial hormones can reduce germ cells and sexual drive resulting infertility in human. Aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of addiction to morphine-induced infertility in Balb/c mice. For these purpose, a control [n=6] and 21 experimental [n=363] groups were used. Then oral morphine with initial doses [0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of water] in a 3 weeks period was administered to the animals and then the animals were crossed to each other. On 17th day of pregnancy, female rats were anesthetized by ether and the embryos were taken out surgically. Results showed that in all groups the birth chance were reduced according to the control group. The reduction was observed in group, which was treated with 0.01 morphine. Therefore it is concluded that morphine extremely reduced the birth chance in mice and may reduce fertility in animals and this may be reliable for human