ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Smoking is one of the important risk factors for many diseases and increases the premature death. Transtheoretical models is one of the behavioral models for behavior understanding specifically in addictive behaviors. This study was done to evaluate the application of transtheoretical model to determination of smoking behavior among smokers
Methods: This descriptive - analytical study conducted on 450 male smokers in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2014. Data gathering instruments were Diclemente smoking stages of change, Velicer decisional balance and temptation, Prochaska processes of change measurements along Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependency
Results: Based on the stages of changes, 39.1%, 13.8%, 42.4%, 2.7% and 2% of subjects were in precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance stage, respectively. There was a significant relationship between stages of change with all transtheoretical model variables and nicotine dependency [P<0.05]. Cons of smoking, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, and social liberation had the highest effect while helping relationship had the lowest effect
Conclusion: Cons of smoking, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, and social liberation had the strongest predictors of smoking stages movement. Helping relationship had the lowest predictor of smoking stages movement
ABSTRACT
Patient empowerment can enhance the outcomes of care such as metabolic control as well as quality of their life. This study evaluates the Iranian version for development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale. Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale [DES-LF] were measured through a cross-sectional study. DES-LF was evaluated through a qualitative and quantitative study by 160 type 2 diabetic patients. Reliability and validity of the scale and its 3 subscales, namely, managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes [alpha=0.94], assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change [alpha=0.96], and setting and achieving diabetes goals [alpha=0.96] were approved by a psychometric analysis. Findings approved the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of DES-LF for patient education and psychosocial interventions among Iranian people with type 2 diabetes
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a life threatening illness in both developed and developing countries. Self-management in diabetes is a process which facilitates adoption of self-management behaviors. This process includes need assessment, goals setting and life experiences of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine some relevant factors on self-management among type 2 diabetic patients in order to facilitate planning intervention programs in health promotion field. This study was a cross sectional analysis which assessed some related factors of self-management as a predictor among 140 diabetic patients affiliated to an ambulatory health center in Isfahan in 2011. The tool of data collection was a multidimensional questionnaire included socio demographic and health characteristics [12 items], diabetes distress [17 items], self-efficacy [8 items], and self-management [35 items].Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software version 11.5 with using statistical tests. Findings showed that some variables such as age [p=0.004], duration of disease [p<0.001], sex [p=0.003], co morbidity [p=0.004], BMI [p=0.02], level of education; higher than diploma [p=0.02], medication treatment [p<0.001], health status [p<0.001], diabetes distress, [p<0.001] and self-efficacy [p<0.001] had significant relation with self-management. Predictors [R[2] = 46%]. Multivariate regression dedicated some variables such as age [6=-0.155, P=0.02], health status [6= 0.238, P=0.009], diabetes distress [6= -0.243, P=0.001], self-efficacy [6- 0.372, p<0.001] and BMI [6- - 0.17, P=0.01]. Adopting of self-management behaviors has significant reverse in relation to age, duration of disease, BMI, and diabetes distress. Meanwhile there was significant direct relation with health status and self-efficacy. Therefore, the best proposed regression model is decreasing diabetes distress and enhancing self-efficacy in order to plan intervention programs among type 2 diabetes patients