The effect of the extracellular vesicle loaded polylactic acid microspheres in promoting hepatocyte proliferation / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To prepare a microparticle delivery system that regulates the release rate of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and to exert long-term enhancement of liver cell proliferation after only one intervention. Methods EVs was extracted by differential centrifugation. The structure of the EVs was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the membrane marker protein of EVs was detected by Western blotting. EVs-PLA microspheres with "core-shell" structure were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the morphology of EVs-PLA microspheres and EVs. The release test detected the release behavior of EVs in EVs-PLA microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect the morphological changes of EVs-PLA microspheres at 8 weeks of release. EVs-PLA microspheres were co-cultured with hepatocytes, and Phalloidin/DAPI staining was used to observe the cell morphology and evaluate the cytotoxicity of the microspheres. CCK8-test was used to evaluate the cell proliferation activity. Western blot analysis was used to detect extracellular vesicles membrane marker protein expression. Results Comparing the ability of hepatocyte proliferation in the group treated with EVs-PLA microspheres and the control group, it was found that EVs-PLA microspheres did not cause cell apoptosis and mutation in cell structure, had biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. The EVs-PLA microspheres with "core-shell" structure regulated the release behavior of EVs, which can continuously release EVs, exerting a continuous biological role in promoting hepatocyte proliferation after a single intervention. Conclusions The EVs-PLA microspheres can control-release EVs and promote hepatocyte proliferation continuously after a single intervention, providing a reference for further exploration of EVs-loaded delivery systems in promoting liver regeneration.

Mental health status of students with self reported learning disabilities in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Understanding mental health status of students with learning disabilities in Beijing to provide a basis for mental health promotion of students with learning disabilities.@*Methods@#By means of random cluster sampling, 5 787 enrolled students in grade one and grade two of 11 public junior middle schools in Beijing were selected as the survey subjects. A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ learning disabilities and mental health status through anonymous self filling.@*Results@#About 11.6% students self reported learning disabilities. The proportions of students with learning difficulty in mathematical reasoning and calculation were higher, 44.1% and 40.7% respectively. The reported rate of mental health problems was 38.3%. The top four of the 10 symptoms were obsessive compulsive symptoms, learning pressure, emotional instability and anxiety(2.19±0.77)(2.17±0.99)(2.09±0.90)(2.07±1.08). Compared with students without learning disabilities, students with self reported learning disabilities had poorer mental health status(OR=1.47), and learning disabilities were related to most factors of mental health. Different types of learning disabilities were associated with different mental health factors.@*Conclusion@#Mental health problems of students with learning disabilities are higher than that of students without learning disabilities. It is necessary to strengthen the mental health support for students with learning disabilities and improve their mental health.

Correlation of serum C-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type Ⅰ with bone mineraI density in a rat modeI of disuse osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: C-telopeptide and N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type Ⅰ (CTx and NTx, respectively) are specific biochemical bone markers that can reflect bone formation and resorption. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of CTx with disuse osteoporosis. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into control and disuse osteoporosis groups. Right hind limbs of the rats in the disuse osteoporosis group were immobilitzed for 4 weeks by ankle-tail fixation to establish the rat model of disuse osteoporosis. Peritoneal venous blood was collected before and after modeling, and the femur was then removed to measure the serum CTx level and bone mineral density of the bilateral femurs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum CTx level did not differ significantly between groups before modeling (P > 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, the serum CTx level in the disuse osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that in the control group and at baseline (P <0.01). The serum CTx level showed no significant change in the control group before and after modeling (P > 0.05). The increment of serum CTx in the disuse osteoporosis group exhibited a negative correlation with the bone mineral density of the bilateral femurs (r=0.426, P < 0.01). The bone mineral density of the right femur in the disuse osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that of the left one in the disuse osteoporosis group and the right one in the control group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in the bone mineral density between left and right femurs in the control group (P > 0.05). These results imply that the model of disuse osteoporosis by ankle-tail fixation is established successfully. Disuse osteoporosis can promote the production of CTx further reducing bone mineral density; CTx is positively correlated with the degree of bone loss, so it can be used for therapeutic assessment and diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Anatomical Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Nowadays, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has been one of the most common diseases of the knee joint. The relationships between the ACL injury and the anatomical structures are still controversial. This study aimed to identify the anatomical risk factors of ACL injury by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee.@*Methods@#This was a retrospective study of 125 patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction between July 2013 and May 2017. Another 125 patients without any organic knee joint injury were served as controls. The shape of intercondylar notch, the intercondylar notch width index, the intercondylar notch height index, the α angle, the β angle, and the medial and lateral tibial plateau slope were measured with MRI and compared. The data were compared by binary logistic regression to find the risk factors.@*Results@#The two groups differed in the proportion of male patients (70.4% vs. 52.0%, χ = 8.911, P = 0.003), but gender was excluded as a risk factor for ACL injury with regression analysis (odds ratio = 1.476, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.689-3.160, P = 0.317). The injured group was found to have a smaller notch width index (95% CI = 7.960E-23-2.154E-9, P 7.5°), and larger β angle (>38.5°) might be the factors associated with ACL injury.@*Trial Registration@#ChiCTR-RRC-17014116; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24119.

Dendrobium officinale cliff epiphytic cultivation method / 中国中药杂志

To solve the issues of costly planting of facility cultivation method and inferior efficacy than wild herbs of Dendrobium officinale, the cliff epiphytic cultivation method was studied. To research the growth, agronomic traits, yield, polysaccharide and alcohol-soluble extract contents were measured on the D. officinale from different water regulation and cliff slope gradients treatments. The results showed that D. officinale epiphytic at 85 degrees-90 degrees cliff and sprayed water 1-2 h x d(-1) at the growing season can get better growth and obtain high yield, and the morphology has no different from wild cliff D. officinale, even in the environments without shade. The contents of polysaccharide and alcohol-soluble extract are closely related to the physiological ages, but significantly higher than the facility cultivation. It is possible that environmental stresses benefit the accumulation of polysaccharides, alcohol-soluble extract and other efficient ingredients.

Clinical observation on common peroneal nerve palsy treated with comprehensive therapy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference of the clinical efficacy on common peroneal palsy between the comprehensive therapy of electroacupuncture, moxibustion and moving cupping method and western medication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety cases of common peroneal nerve palsy were randomized into a comprehensive therapy group and a western medication group, 45 cases in each one. In the comprehensive therapy group, electroacupuncture was applied to Yanglingquan (GB 34), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Jiexi (ST 41), Taichong (LR 3), Zulinqi (GB 41) and the others, combined with warm moxibustion and moving cupping on the lateral side of the affected leg. The comprehensive therapy was used once a day. In the western medication group, vitamin B1 , 10 mg each time, 3 times a day; and mecobalamine, 0. 5 mg each time, three times a day were prescribed for oral administration. In the two groups, 15 days made one session, and the efficacy was observed after 2 sessions treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of the improvement of sensory function and motor nerve function was 97. 8% (44/45) in the comprehensive therapy group and was 82. 2% (37/ 45) in the western medication. The efficacy in the comprehensive therapy group was better than that of the western medication (P<0. 01). The electrophysiological examination showed that the amplitude of motor conduction of deep peroneal nerve and that of sensory conduction of surficial peroneal nerve after treatment were improved remarkably as compared with those before treatment in the comprehensive therapy group (both P<0. 05). The amplitude of motor conduction of deep peroneal nerve was improved significantly in the comprehensive therapy group as compared with that in the western medication group (P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comprehensive therapy of electroacupuncture, moxibustion and moving cupping method achieves the significant efficacy on common peroneal nerve palsy as compared with western medication.</p>

Clinical observation of the impacts and safety of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on labor / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture (EA) at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on labor and assess its safety.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The random and single-blind method was adopted to divide 111 cases of the puerperas of natural delivery into an EA group (38 cases), a sham-acupuncture group (37 cases) and a blank control group (36 cases). In EA group, Sanyinjiao (SP 6) was selected and stimulated with Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS). In the sham-acupuncture group, the puerperas were stimulated only with the needle tube, needle removed in advance and they felt subjectively to be needled. Afterward, the filiform needle was attached to Sanyinjiao (SP 6) with the needle tip wrapped with the adhesive plaster in advance, then HANS which one conducting wire was cut off in was connected. In the blank control group, no any treatment was applied, but the same indices were recorded at corresponding time points. The blood pressure and the heart rate of the puerperas as well as the heart rate of fetus were measured in 20 min of EA and 30 min after needle removal in three groups separately. The bleeding 24 h after labor and 1 min Apger score of the newborns were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In EA group, the active phase of the 1st labor stage ((4.38 +/- 1.76)h) was shorter than that ((5.28 +/- 2.41)h) in the blank control group and that ((5.38 +/- 2.36)h) in the sham-acupuncture group, presenting statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). In the latent phase of the 1st labor stage and the 2nd and 3rd stages, in the comparison of the blood pressure and the heart rate of the puerperas as well as the heart rate of fetus after EA, the bleeding 24 h after labor and 1 min Apger score of the newborns among three groups, there were no statistically significant differences (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) can shorten the duration of the active phase of the 1st labor stage. It is safe for either the puerpera or the fetus and can assist the parturition quality in clinic.</p>

Effects of acupuncture on the expression of Cx43 in different acupoints of rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the differences of the expression of Cx43 in rats' acupoints and sham-acupoint when needled blocks, and explore the relatively specificity of acupoints.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: an acupuncture group and a control group, ten in each group. The rats in the control group were not treated and sacrificed directly to by air embolism; the rats in the acupuncture group were needled at "Neiguan (PC 6)", "Zusanli (ST 36)", "Dazhui (GV 14)" and "Guanyuan (CV 4)", Sham-acupoints were on 1 cm next to each of the above acupoints and "Yongquan (KI 1)" were needled by hand manipulation, retented needles for 30 min, then all the rats were sacrificed by air embolism. With the rats fixed, the tissue blocks at the acupoints and sham-acupoints were collected, then quick-frozen and cut into sections. The sections were stained by immunohistochemical method (Cx43).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of the rats' Cx43 at the acupoints was significantly higher than that at the non-points in both groups (all P < 0.01). The expression of Cx43 at the acupoints in the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of Cx43 at acupoints and non-points is significantly different, which indicates that the acupoints are actually existed and have relatively specificity.</p>

Analysis and strategy report on overseas large-scale systematic evaluation on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture / 中国针灸

In recent years, studies of large-scale systematic evaluation on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture were carried out in overseas. The literatures were conducted in Cochrane Library and overseas journals about systematic review of clinical effectiveness of acupuncture. The Cochrane Library contained a series of systematic reviews for the treatment of 67 kinds of diseases by acupuncture in 2009. Preliminary evaluations of clinical effectiveness of acupuncture on 37 kinds of disease were conducted. The results indicated that acupuncture therapy was effective for 7 kinds of disease, such as idiopathic headache, neck disorders, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis, chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting, primary dysmenorrhoea with TENS and knee osteoarthritis with TENS. However, these studies still need improved research designs and sufficient research evidence. The results also indicated that acupuncture was indecisive for the other 30 kinds of disease because of insufficient evidence. Through analysis, results of most systematic reviews indicated that there were no significant difference between therapeutic effects of acupuncture treatment and pseudo-acupuncture treatment. Effect of acupuncture treatment was equivalent to therapeutic effect of placebo. The likely reasons may be that some important clinical factors are disregarded in these researches, such as selection of acupoints, treatment with syndrome differentiation, the angel and depth of needle insertion, the proper time for treatment and so on. Therefore, the large-scale systematic evaluation on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture was criticized by acupuncturists. Thus, the pressing problem is to establish a rational evaluation system of clinical acupuncture. The suggestions are strengthening the research on diagnosis and treatment standard, strengthening the quality control of clinical acupuncture and establishing sound acupuncture control group and placebo acupuncture group. The basic researches on the relationship between diseases and acupoints need to be strengthened in order to explore the mechanism of acupoints reaction on diseases.

Identification of fresh and old vertebral compression fractures by MRI / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and explore the value of MRI in distinguishing fresh from old vertebral compression fractures.@*METHODS@#The features of MRI in 43 cases with compression fractures of thoracic or lumbar vertebral bodies were analyzed. MRI sequences included T1WI, T2WI and STIR.@*RESULTS@#Fifty-five vertebral bodies in total were found compression fractures in 43 cases. Forty-six vertebral bodies, which showed low signals or low signals mixing a few high signals on T1WI, high signals on T2WI and significantly high signals on STIR, were identified as fresh compression fractures. Nine vertebral bodies were identified as old compression fractures, because they showed the same signals as normal vertebral bodies on T1WI, T2WI and STIR.@*CONCLUSION@#MRI could accurately distinguish fresh and old vertebral compression fractures, so it is valuable for the distinguishment in forensic identification.

Clinical observation on acupuncture for treatment of reflux esophagitis of heat stagnation of liver and stomach type / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture for treatment of reflux esophagitis of heat stagnation of liver and stomach type.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (31 cases) and a medication group (30 cases). The acupuncture group was treated with needles at Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12), Weishu (BL 21) and Neiguan (PC 6) mainly, once a day; and the medication group was treated with oral administration of 20 mg Omeprazole, once a day. The scores of clincial symptoms, comprehensive therapeutic effect, results of gastroscopy and pathology as well as recurrence rate etc. were observed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the scores of symptoms significantly decreased in the two groups (both P < 0.01). The total effective rate of the acupuncture group was 90.3% (28/31), and 90.0% (27/30 )in the medication group, there was no statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05); results of gastroscopy and esophageal mucosa pathology showed no statistical difference between two groups (both P > 0.05), the recurrence rate 12 weeks after treatment of 9.1% in the acupuncture group was lower than that of 42.9% in the medication grou p (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture has preferable short and long-term therapeutic effects for treatment of reflux esophagitis of heat stagnation of liver and stomach type.</p>

Study on the determinants regarding malaria epidemics in Anhui province during 2004-2006 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the determinants of malaria in Anhui province during the year of 2004-2006.Methods A GIS-based database of malaria at the township scale of Anhui province was established,using remote sensing and spatial analysis technologies.Methods on statistical analysis,principal component analysis combined with logistic regression analysis were synthetically used to analyze the association between malaria and environmental factors.Results Malaria epidemics in Anhui province during 2004-2006 mainly occurred in the northern districts of Huai River,and the epidemics had become more serious yearly.The determinants of malaria at the township scale mainly included factors as temperature,rainfall,normalized difference vegetable index and elevation.If the lowest temperature in a year,which appeared the fourth principal component of the temperature index series,increased by one unit,the probability of incidence of malaria would decrease by 33%.If the total annual rainfall,which was the first principal component of the rainfall index series,increased by one unit,the probability would decrease by 27%.If the elevation increased by 10 meters,the probability would decrease by 2%.However,the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetable Index (NDVI) and the probability of incidence of malaria was different.If the NDVI had a one unit increase,the probability would increase 3.28 times.Conclusion The northern districts of Huai River during 2004-2006 appeared to be a new spatio-temporal cluster when reemergence of malaria epidemics had occurred in Auhui province since 2000.Terrain and physiognomy,nature and circumstances factors,such as temperature and rainfall had affected the incidence rates of malaria.Our research data from Auhui province would provide some important references to the discovery of main reasons on the reemergence of malaria epidemics since 2000,especially in the central geographic areas of China.

Cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy: a new indicator in measuring the burden of diseases / 中华预防医学杂志

Based on the integration of concept and methods of cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE), health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), a new index named cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy (CEHALE) was developed in this study to evaluate the health impact(both fetal and non-fetal) of single disease. In order to include the impact of both premature death and health problems among those who are alive, the concept of suppositional death was introduced to calculate CEHALE. Cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy developed in this study, should be not only easy to understand in concept, but also has theoretical support and be not affected by age structure, and be more suitable to use in comparison among different diseases and different population. Moreover, the new index is easy to calculate. So, CEHALE should be an ideal index to evaluate the impact of disease to population health.

Study on classification and coding for public health information / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve data unified descriptions, identification, query and management in public health service by means of establishing public health information classification framework and coding system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data sets created from all fields in public health, scientific research, health management were classified into four layers of frameworks primary class, sub-class, main class and subject areas by means of integration of vertical with horizontal classifications. All these classes were further abstracted, merged and coded by individual characteristics in public health systems.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) 4 subject areas in diseases control and prevention, public health service, public health management and sanitation surveillance were established including a total of 18 main classes, 49 sub-classes and 205 primary classes. (2) 7 digits and 4 segments (area code, code, disease classification code) were designed including a total of 30 digits multi-classification codes. The purpose of data effectively classifying and coding by application of 50 basic data sets in 9 areas fo public health has been realized.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We believe that this method is of efficiency in data classification and code for public health information communication.</p>

The conceptual framework for decision making data elements in public health / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a conceptual framework for decision-making data elements (indicator) in public health through determining its dimensions, sub-dimensions and their interrelationships.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the basis of literatures review, conceptual analysis and health determinant models, a conceptual framework was set up. This framework construction followed five principles: evidence-based, applicable, public health relevant, systemic and extensible. While, with the principles of conceptualization, objective-orientation, independence, and number-restriction, the domain and subdomains were also developed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A conceptual framework consisting of five domains and 20 sub-domains was developed. The 5 domains were health status, non-medical health determinants, public health system performance, the resources of public health system, and characteristics of community and assurance system. The health outcome included three subdomains of health status, functional status, and death; Non-medicine health determinants domain consisted of health behavior, working and living conditions, personal resources and environmental factors; performance domain was made up of effectiveness, accessibility, efficiency, responsibility and safety; resources domain had institution resources, human resources, financial resources, equipment resources and information resources; The characteristics of community and assurance system domain was the last domain which comprises characteristics of community, public health related policy and assurance system. The complicated relationship between these domains was also described.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As the abstraction of public health system, this conceptual framework comprehensively depicts the components of public health system and complicated process of public health system. This framework conforms to the medical care quality model which is made up of structure, process, intermediate results and outcomes.</p>

Standardizing basic data set in public health information system / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study methodologies and relevant data-element specifications for basic dataset development in China public health information system construction</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The goals and scopes were determined through data-viewing analysis, while the function model was developed through information viewing analysis. The components and the structure of the data sets were also identified to distill data elements.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>50 basic datasets were developed and 1513 data elements were determined in 8 main domains and one public domain in China's public health information system. The 8 domains included Expanded Immunization Program (including 7 Basic Datasets and 326 data elements), Occupational Health and Poisoning (5 Basic Datasets and 158 data elements developed), Laboratory Management (9 Basic Datasets and 118 data elements included), Public Health Emergencies (including 3 Basic Datasets and 47 data elements), Infectious Disease Surveillance (4 Basic Datasets and 177 data elements developed), Non-Chronic Disease Surveillance (3 Basic Datasets and 64 data elements developed), Maternal and Child Health (totally 8 Basic Datasets and 368 data elements developed) and Environment Health (including 4 Basic Datasets and 72 data elements). One common domain consisted of 7 basic datasets and 183 data elements.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Standardizing basic datasets in public health information systems is an essential foundation in facilitating information system planning and the effective utilization of resources.</p>

Contribution of diabetes to the burden of diseases / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To overview the contribution of diabetes in the burden of diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the data published by MOH, prevalence rate, mortality rate, cause eliminated life year were used to calculate the health burden of disease. Meanwhile, direct economic burden of diseases was presented.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According the calculation, about 23 million of people suffered from diabetes and 90,000 died from diabetes. The cause eliminated life year attributed to diabetes is different between urban and rural, 0.21 years for urban and 0.08 years for rural. Moreover, the direct economic burden reached 1.071 billion RMB, about 1.88% of national health expenditure at the same period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The burden of diabetes, based on calculation of both health and economic burden, and will give a heavy pressure to the government and society.</p>

Preliminary observation of acupoint-like and meridian-like structures on the body surface of the zebrafish / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe whether there are acupoint-like and meridian-like structures on the body surface of the zebrafish.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult zebrafish were put into a 10 micromol/L DiA water solution and then anaesthetized for observation under a fluorescent microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The labeled substance appeared in round bright spots and some of them gather together to form a cluster which distributed through the body surface orderly. The labeled clusters along the long axis of the body distributed in four lines, dorsal line, dorsal lateral line, lateral line and ventral line. The lateral line could be divided into two lines, lateral superior line and lateral inferior line; and the ventral line into ventral lateral line and ventral line based on their nerve connection under high power microscope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sensory organs of the zebrafish distributed orderly and formed clusters appearing orderly in lines throughout the body surface, which are much like acupoints and meridians described in traditional Chinese medicine.</p>

Identification and generalization of classes of public health laboratory detection activities / 中国医疗器械杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify and generalize classes of public health laboratory detection activities and to discuss the method of identification and generalization of classes of Public Health Conceptual Information Model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>At first, materials should be collected from consulting literatures and experts, referring to the existing system. Then, identification and generalization of classes are got for business process analysis, writing description documents, summing up important conceptions and activities, By use-case analysis, use-case diagram and tabulation of important conception and activities and reference to PHCDM, a structural diagram of classes is constructed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A structure diagram of classes of public health laboratory detection activity is given.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This is a feasible method in identification and generalization of classes of public health laboratory detection activities.</p>

Study on effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of GnRH in the rat at different estrous cycles / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the specific regulative law of electroacupuncture (EA) for the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The adult female SD rats were divided into a simulant EA group, Guanyuan (CV 4) group and Neiguan (PC 6) group according to 4 stages of the estrous cycle. Acupuncture was given from 9 : 30 AM to 10 : 00 AM and the brain tissue samples were collected at 15 : 00 PM. GnRH expressions in the nuclei related with genital neuroendocrine in the hypothalamus were investigated with immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The GnRH expression quantity was different in different estrous cycles in the simulant EA group, with more expression in the proestrus and the estruation; (2) After acupuncture, the GnRH expressions in the medial preoptic area, the arcuate nuclei and the nuclei periventriculares were increased in different stages of the estrous cycle in varying degrees, with the "strong" GnRH expression increased significantly in the diestrus and the metaoestrus in the Guanyuan (CV 4) group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After EA, the expression of the GnRH-positive reactant in the medial preoptic area, the arcuate nuclei and the nuclei periventriculares of the hypothalamus significantly increases, with the Guanyuan (CV 4) group better than the Neiguan (PC 6) group, and more obvious expressions in the diestrus and the metaoestrus.</p>