ABSTRACT
Febrile seizures [FS] represent a common pediatric problem. The pathogenesis of FS is not yet clear. This study was designed to evaluate the role of some clinical and laboratory data as possible triggering factors for FS. The study included 117 patients and 100 age and sex-matched controls [febrile children without seizures]. Both groups were subjected to full history and clinical examination as well as evaluation of some laboratory data as serum iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, lead, zinc, and histamine. EEG was also performed for patients with FS. The results of the present study revealed that patients had significantly higher temperature levels at the time of admission [38.85 +/- 0.60 °C] than controls [38.16 +/- 0.45 °C] [p < 0.002]. Laboratory investigations revealed the presence of significantly lower serum levels of iron, sodium, calcium, zinc and histamine in patients than among controls. Patients with recurrent FS rather than those with single FS had significantly younger age of onset of 1[st] FS [13.80 +/- 6.37 and 19.53 +/- 10.88 months respectively, p < 0.05], and higher percentage of positive family history of FS [44.83% and 25% respectively, p < 0.02] as well as lower serum sodium levels [133.26 +/- 2.76 and 136.81 +/- 3.2 mmol/L respectively, p < 0.001]. We concluded that higher temperature levels, low serum iron, sodium, calcium, zinc and histamine could play an important role as triggering factors for FS. Younger ages at onset of 1[st] FS, positive family history and hyponatremia are possible important factors in pathogenesis of recurrent rather than single FS