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Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging modern technology within the health care sectors in the current era and it is the ability of computer software to mimic human judgment. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based modern image analysis methods have significant promise for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of pathology diagnostic processes as well as for the discovery of new biomarkers. Objectives: In this article, we will discuss Artificial Intelligence, its usage in pathology in various ways such as for screening of various diseases, detection of prognostic markers or biomarkers, and various treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Data were collected and analyzed from the recently published literature and electronic database searches of Cochrane and included the articles the year 2017 to 2021 by reading the title and the abstract. Artificial intelligence (AI), has a lot of potential for aiding in diagnosis with the advancement of information technology. For this purpose, few machine learning algorithms have been created to date. Given their capacity to evaluate complicated data in a quantitative and standardised manner to further improve the precision and scope of diagnoses, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning technologies hold great promise for the field of pathology. Conclusion: The application of Artificial Intelligence tools in pathology has sharply increased in this era and it is anticipated to revolutionize the pathology field in the years ahead and can change the way the field of pathology is managed and make them not only more systematic but also effective in meeting the needs of the current age of precision medicine.
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Depletion in vaginal Lactobacilli colonization is associated with poor urogenital health and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Probiotic supplements containing lactobacilli, when administered in adequate amounts, increased vaginal and gut colonization of Lactobacilli, reduced the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and other urogenital infections. Probiotic Lactobacilli reduced preterm births and improved fertility rates in women following in vitro fertilization. Probiotics may also improve implantation rate and live-birth rate in women undergoing IVF. The purpose of this review was to critically analyse the available literature for synthesizing evidence on the use of probiotics and its effect on urogenital and reproductive health in women.
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Background: Bleeding from an enlarged prostate gland is a major complication of benign prostatic enlargement (BPH). This review details our management over a 10-year period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who presented with bleeding BPH between January 2001 and December 2010 was carried out to determine the outcome of management. Results: Forty-two patients with bleeding prostates treated by open prostatectomy were analyzed. The peak incidence was in the age group of 60-69 years. The main associated co-morbidities were hypertension in 17 (40.48) and diabetes in seven (16.67) patients. Urine culture was positive in 24 (57.14) patients; with E. coli in 13 (54.17) and Pseudomonas in four (16.67) patients as the main isolates. Most patients (37; 88.08) received blood transfusions ranging from two to four units. Operative techniques were transvesical in 30 (76.92) and retropubic in nine (23.08) patients. Isolated median lobe enlargement of the prostate was seen in 18 (46.15) and whole organ enlargement in 21 (53.85) patients. The weight of the prostates ranged from 47 to 403 g (mean; 127 g). Incidental carcinoma was seen in one patient (2.56). The mean hospital stay was 11 days (range 9-21); and the mean follow-up was 21 months (range 3-26). There was one (2.38) mortality. Conclusion: BPH with massive hematuria invariably has an enlarged median lobe and is managed by open prostatectomy; without risk of re-bleeding
Subject(s)
Prostate , Prostatic Hyperplasia , TeachingABSTRACT
Now a day's water pollution has caused incoveriences for people whom live near the Pavana river in Pune city, India. The river water quality has deteriorated by major water quality parameters like dissolved oxygen [DO], biological oxygen demand [BOD] and phosphates level, hi present study it is tried to find people's willingness to pay [WTP] for improvement of river water quality. Contingent valuation method [CVM] was utilized for valuation of river water quality in Pavana river. Five categories of users have been chosen and then interviewed: households, farmers, fishermen, washing clothes women, bath taking people. One kilometer from each side of river was covered by researchers for sampling. Mean of willingness to pay was estimated at Rs 17.6 [45 Indian Rupees=$ 1] per family per month. This research shows CVM applicablity and the importance of river quality for Pune city and can effectively be used in developing countries