ABSTRACT
Background: Exam anxiety is a global troublesome psychological problem, impairing the academic perfor-mance of medical students. This study was planned to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of Exam anxiety among Indian medical students Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 230 Indian medical undergraduate students. Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI) was used to estimate the level of Exam anxiety among medical students. We utilized multivariable logistic regression to identify independent risk factors among medical students. Results: The prevalence of high Exam Anxiety among medical students was 49.6 % (95% CI 43.9-57.0). The mean age of the students was 21.3 years. Multivariable logistic regression revealed the presence of excessive course load [AOR=2.22,95% CI:(1.03,4.78)], the presence of psychological stress [AOR=2.89,95% CI:(1.51,5.48)] and low self-esteem [AOR=8.15,95% CI:(1.51,43.96)] to be independent risk factors for exam anxiety. Conclusions: Our studyfindings suggest that the prevalence of Exam anxiety is very high among Indian un-dergraduate medical students. Our study also showed that the perception of excessive course load, psycholog-ical stress and low self-esteem were the independent risk factors in medical students.
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Introduction: Bronchogenic lesions are undoubtedly one of the most common diseases worldwide. Pulmonary cytology and biopsy are simple and resourceful methods of early diagnosis of respiratory diseases. The use of bronchoscope has increased the variety of diagnostic specimen obtainable and extended the scope of cyto-pathology. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy has an excellent result in diagnosis of lung diseases when combined with brushing cytology and biopsy. The present study aims to ascertain the yield of diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures in lung lesions and to calculate the incidence of various types of malignancies. Materials and methods: This hospital based observational study was carried out in the Pathology department of Geetanjali Hospital. A total of 110 patients of clinically suspected lung lesion were included and bronchoscopy was carried out in all patients. Various samples such as bronchial brushing, bronchial biopsy and bronchial washing were taken as and when required and samples were given to pathology and microbiology department for reporting. Data was analysed by SPSS ver. 21. Results: Out of 110 biopsies 61 were found to be malignant, 20 were inflammatory lesions, 16 were non-malignant, 11 were inadequate material and 2 were inconclusive. Overall diagnostic yield of bronchial biopsy was 88.2%.The most common type of malignant was Squamous cell carcinoma (34.5%) Adenocarcinoma (9%) and Small cell carcinoma (7.2%). Conclusion: Bronchial biopsy is a valuable tool and helps in the diagnosis of lung lesions.
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Secondary diabetes mellitus is known to occur in acromegaly due to insulin resistance caused by growth hormone excess. However diabetes in acromegaly usually does not lead to ketosis. We describe here a case of acromegaly who presented in diabetes ketosis, which is unusual.
Subject(s)
Acromegaly/complications , Adult , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluid Therapy , Humans , Hyperglycemia/diagnosis , Insulin/therapeutic use , Male , Potassium/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Allelopathic effect ofAvena fatua L., Cyperus rotundus L., Polygonum hydropiper L., and Solanum nigrum L. were examined on seedling growth of certain commonly used varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Tarai region of U.P. state. The weed extracts inhibited the length of plumule in all the varieties (100%) with Solanum and it was in 12 (92%), 10 (77%) and 06 (46%) varieties with Polygonum, Avena and Cyperus, respectively. In radicle length, it was in 92% with both Polygonum and Solanum; and 85% and 69% of the varieties with Avena and Cyperus, respectively. However, all the four weed extracts reduced the dry weight of plumule, radicle and total seedling in all the varieties (100%) of wheat except in HD--2329 with Cyperus, in which it was positive. The percent reduction (percentage of control) was more than 50% in 92%, 77%, 54% and 39% of the varieties, respectively with Solanum, Polygonum, Avena and Cyperus. Among the weed extracts, the inhibitory effect on seedling growth in different varieties followed the order: Solanum > Polygonum > Avena and > Cyperus. On the basis of the present results, UP--2003 and WH--542 followed by PBW--226, Sangam and HD--248 were more susceptible to all the four weed extracts compared to the rest of the varieties of wheat.