Histopathological and hormonal study of subacute toxicity of celecoxib on thyroid gland in rats

Celecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor, was developed as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It has good bioavailability and distribution and excellent safety profile in preclinical models. Although the effects of several NSAlDs on thyroid function tests have been investigated, a little was reported in literature about the toxic effect of celecoxib on thyroid functions. This study is one of fewer studies that investigated the subacute toxicity of celecoxib on thyroid function tests as well as on the morphology of thyroid gland in male rats. In this study, the doses of 10, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day of celecoxib were given to male rats orally for 28 days. At the end of the study, serum total triiodothyronine [T[3]], total thyroxine [T[4]] and thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] levels of rats were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay [EIA] test kits. Thyroid glands of male rats were examined histopathologically. While there was no change in serum T[3] and T[4] of celecoxib-treated rats, there were a significant decrease in serum TSH levels of rats treated with 50, 75 mg/kg/day celecoxib for 28 days compared with those of control rats. In histopathological examinations, celecoxib-related changes were found in thyroid glands of celecoxib-treated rats [50 and 75 mg/kg for 28 days] showing lymphocytic infiltration, distorted acini, degenerated, exhausted colloid and interstitial hemorrhage. These changes in thyroid hormones and histopathology were dose-dependent

study for the biochemical and histopathological effects of azithromycin drug on liver and kidney of albino rats

In this study, five equal groups of adult male albino rats were examined histopathologically for liver and kidney. Serum blood levels of AST [SGOT] and ALT [SGPT] enzymes, as well as urea and creatinine were also estimated. The 1st group was a control, the 2nd and 3rd were given azithromycin in therapeutic dose for three days [the 2nd was sacrificed on the 3rd day and the 3rd on the 10th day from the last dose]. The 4th and 5th groups were given double therapeutic dose [as in treatment of chlamydia] for three days [the 4th was sacrificed on the 3rd day and the 5th on the 10th day from the last dose]. Liver showed degenerative changes, cellular infiltrations and cytoplasmic vaculation, with variable degrees and extents. The least affected group was group II, followed by group III and IV then group V, which is the most affected. As regard transaminased, there was no significant rise of AST [SGOT] in all groups except group V compared to control one, while ALT [SGPT] showed a significant elevation in all groups except group II. Kidney showed necrotic changes, focal cellular infiltrations and congestion with variable degrees and extents. Also, group II was the least affected followed by group IV, while group V was the most affected followed by group III. There was a significant rise in urea serum level in all groups except group II. Also, creatinine serum level showed a significant rise in all groups except groups II and IV in relation to control one. These hepatic and renal changes were attributed to the direct effect of the drug and/or its metabolites on ribosomal functions due to long stay of these chemicals in tissues. So, it is advised to minimize the dose as possible as we can and prescribe it cautiously for hepatic and renal patients