ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: De 15-20% de los pacientes sometidos a una artroplastía total de rodilla no quedaron satisfechos y las causas más comunes fueron dolor residual y función limitada. De manera tradicional se ha utilizado analgesia epidural o bloqueos nerviosos periféricos como analgesia. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la infiltración con solución de epinefrina, ketorolaco, morfina y ropivacaína en pacientes postoperados de reemplazo total de rodilla. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes con gonartrosis de 18 a 100 años de edad programados para cirugía de reemplazo total de rodilla de Mayo de 2018 a Agosto de 2021, con documentación de sus datos clínicos, demográficos, basales, prequirúrgicos y dolor postoperatorio a las 24 horas. Se compararon pacientes infiltrados con los que recibieron analgesia intravenosa. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 66 pacientes con una media de edad de 69.1; 65.2% fueron mujeres. Cuarenta y tres punto nueve por ciento tuvieron afectación del lado izquierdo, 50% tuvieron una clasificación de Kellgren-Lawrence III y 31.8% tuvieron un grado IV. Treinta y seis pacientes (54.5%) formaron el grupo control, mientras que 30 (45.5%) recibieron la intervención con el cóctel analgésico. Con respecto al dolor, se encontró una menor mediana del dolor por escala visual análoga en pacientes con la intervención (2 vs 8 puntos, p < 0.001); la mayoría con el cóctel se encontraron sin dolor (66.7%) o dolor leve (23.3%) y ningún paciente del grupo control lo alcanzó (p < 0.001). Todos los pacientes del grupo control requirieron analgesia de rescate, mientras que sólo en 30% del grupo de intervención se utilizó (p < 0.001). Conclusión: El uso de infiltración local transquirúrgica disminuye el dolor postoperatorio y el requerimiento de analgésicos y analgesia de rescate durante las primeras 24 horas.
Abstract: Introduction: 15-20% of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were not satisfied and the most common causes were residual pain and limited function. Epidural analgesia or peripheral nerve blocks have traditionally been used as analgesia. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of infiltration with epinephrine, ketorolac, morphine and ropivacaine solution in postoperative total knee replacement patients. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical cohort study. We included patients with gonarthrosis aged 18 to 100 years scheduled for total knee replacement surgery from May 2018 to August 2021; with documentation of their clinical, demographic, baseline, pre-surgical and postoperative pain data at 24 hours. Infiltrated patients were compared with those receiving intravenous analgesia. Results: A total of 66 patients with a mean age of 69.1 were included;65.2% were women. Forty-three point nine percent had left-sided involvement, 50% had a classification of Kellgren-Lawrence III and 31.8% had a grade IV. Thirty-six patients (54.5%) formed the control group, while 30 (45.5%)received the intervention with the analgesic cocktail. With regard to pain,a lower median pain was found by visual analog scale in patients with the intervention (2 vs 8 points, p < 0.001); most with the cocktail they found no pain (66.7%) or mild pain (23.3%) and no patient in the control group reached it (p < 0.001). All patients of the control group required rescue analgesia, while only 30% of the intervention group used it (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of trans-surgical local infiltration decreases postoperative pain and the requirement of analgesics and rescue analgesia during the first 24 hours.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: En diversos estudios se ha encontrado asociación con el tiempo en que los niños pasan frente al televisor y la obesidad. Objetivo: Conocer la asociación de tiempo viendo la televisión y la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de niños preescolares que residen en una ciudad fronteriza de México. Método: Estudio correlacional, con 124 preescolares de ambos sexos, se obtuvieron sus datos antropométricos y a los padres se les aplicó una encuesta sobre hábitos televisivos de sus hijos. Estadística descriptiva y de asociación. Resultados: El 9.8% de los niños tenía sobrepeso y 16.1% eran obesos El 99.2% de ellos veían televisión. El tiempo dedicado a ver televisión fue: una a dos horas por día 75.8%, y de tres a cuatro horas, 20.2%. El 23.4% de los niños tenían videojuegos. Conclusiones: La cuarta parte de los niños presentó sobrepeso y obesidad. Se encontró un mayor riesgo y asociación en niños con sobrepeso-obesidad versus niños con peso normal con: a) horas de ver televisión (OR = 2.79, p= 0.045) y b) comer cuando se ve televisión (OR = 2.87, p = 0.021).
Introduction: In Several studies of obesity has found association with the time that children spend watching TV. Aim: To know the association of time watching television and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children living in a border town in Mexico. Method: correlational study, 124 preschool children male and female, anthropometric data were obtained of them and their parents were surveyed about television habits of their children. It was applied descriptive statistics and of association. Results: 9.8% of children were overweight and 16.1% were obese. 99.2% of them watched television; the time spent watching television was: one to two hours per day, 75.8% and three to four hours per day, and 20.2%. 23.4% of children had video games. Conclusions: A quarter of children were overweight and obesity. It was found an increased risk and association in overweight and obesity children versus normal weight children with a) time of watch TV (OR = 2.79, p = 0.045) and b) eat when the children watch TV (OR = 2.87, p = 0.021).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Obesity , Child, Preschool , OverweightABSTRACT
The year 1996 had a high pluviosity in Morrocoy National Park (western coastal zone, Venezuela) and low salinity in December 1996 affected the seagrass beds, dominated by Thalassia testudinum. Patches without T. testudinum were observed in localities of the park that used to have very dense populations of this plant. Sampling was done at Las Luisas to determine leaf productivity, turnover rate, short shoot density and relative biomass of plant sections, in order to compare with data obtained in September 1996, previous to the event. Green leaves, roots and rhizomes were the most affected parts. Mean green leaf biomass decreased in January and February 1997 to 5% of the plant's total biomass; mean root biomass decreased in March to 40% and mean rhi zome biomass decreased in February to 30%. The density of the active short shoots decreased to a minimum in February, but in April it reached a value similar to that of September 1996. The density of the inactive short shoots decreased to a minimum in March, and they dissappeared in April, matching the increasing density of the active short shoots between these two months. In February 1997, 56% of the inactive short shoots showed evidence of leaf initiation. In January 1997 the leaf productivity and turnover rate values (2.72 +/- 0.35 g/m2/d and 2.15% leaf DW/d) were similar to the annual mean previously determined from Las Luisas (2.35 +/- 0.72 g/m2/d and 1.96% leaf DW/d). Nevertheless, the values of productivity and turnover rate detected at Las Luisas in April 1997 (4.88 +/- 2.14 g/m2/d and 4.66% leaf DW/d) were higher than those values previously reported for this location. In response to the mortality episode, the leaf productivity and turnover rate of T. testudinum increased and the leaf initiation was activated in the inactive short shoots.
Subject(s)
Seawater/chemistry , Sodium Chloride/analysis , Hydrocharitaceae/growth & development , Biomass , Population Density , Rain , Seasons , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Retrospectivamente se investiga la frecuencia de patología cervicovaginal causada por Leptothrix, un bacilo gram negativo poco estudiado y que, en asociación con los gérmenes clásicos como Gardnerella, Trichomona vaginalis y flora bacteriana, espotencialmente patógeno. Se analizaron 150 resultados de pap-test de pacientes que acudieron al Hospital de Baños, encontrándose reportes de citología clase II causados por uno o dos patógenos, dentro de los cuales, en cinco pacientes (4,6 por ciento), el Leptothrix se asocia a Gardnerella, Trichomona vaginalis, flora mixta y flora bacilar indistintamente. La edad, el empleo de métodos contraceptivos (T de cobre) y la presencia de tuberculosis, infecciones intraabdominales e infección de vías urinarias recurrentes, son factores predisponentes que se destacan.