ABSTRACT
Pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. In this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of Argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex PCR for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in South America. All samples analysed were positive for co-infections with Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus and Sacbrood virus. This is the first report of infection of Bombus atratus with honey bee viruses. A better understanding of viral infections in bumblebees and of the epidemiology of viruses could be of great importance as bumblebees can serve as possible viral reservoirs, resulting in pathogen spillover towards honey bees and native bumblebees.
A polinização é essencial para a produção de alimentos e tem como particularidade a conexão entre os ecossistemas naturais com sistemas de produção agrícola. Recentemente, as perdas de espécies de bumblebee em todo o mundo têm sido relatadas. Neste trabalho, amostras de uma exploração comercial de bumblebee da Argentina, com recente história de mortes foram estudadas utilizando uma Multiplex PCR para a detecção de vírus de abelha mais frequentemente detectados na América do Sul. Todas as amostras analisadas foram positivas para as co-infecções com Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell viruses e Sacbrood virus. Este trabalho descreve o primeiro relato de infecção de Bombus atratus com vírus de abelhas. Uma melhor compreensão das infecções virais em bumblebee e da epidemiologia dos vírus poderia ser de grande importância, uma vez que tais abelhas podem servir como reservatório viral, com possível repercussão tanto na produtividade de abelhas melíferas como afetando-as diretamente.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/virology , Coinfection/veterinary , Pollination , Virus Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
Relatam-se o primeiro isolamento de herpesvirus canino 1 (CaHV-1) e a localização atípica das lesões vesiculares associadas a este vírus na Argentina. A amostra foi recuperada de lesões vesiculares, localizadas na parte interna da coxa direita, em uma fêmea de raça Labrador. A cadela tinha quatro anos de idade e era de propriedade privada. O primeiro diagnóstico foi realizado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e, posteriormente, o vírus foi isolado e sua identificação confirmada por imunofluorescência indireta e pelo teste de neutralização viral.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Herpesvirus 1, Canid/isolation & purification , Signs and Symptoms , Argentina , Dogs/virology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
An antigen of rat parvovirus (Kilham virus) was developed for the diagnosis of viral infection in rat colonies by using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Primary cell cultures from rat embryos were infected with Kilham rat virus. Infected cells obtained at different time post infection were scraped, centrifuged, concentrated one hundred times, sonicated and centrifuged again. The supernatants obtained were titrated by hemagglutination. The specificity was confirmed with positive and negative reference sera. Ninety eight serum samples were studied by using HAI test. The results coincided with those obtained in a reference laboratory. Kilham rat parvovirus antigen obtained from 5 days-infected-cells was specific, sensitive, easy to prepare, with a high yield and it is useful to detect this virus in experimental and production rat colonies.
ABSTRACT
In Argentina pseudorabies is an endemic disease. Routine diagnosis is made by virus isolation. It is a very long procedure to carry out and gives variable results depending on the quality of sample, hence the need for effective techniques, which are rapid and not dependent on the isolation of infectious virus. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has provided a sensitive, specific and rapid mean to detect DNA sequences. This study describes a PCR method for detection of pseudorabies virus sequences in swine tissues. In order to determine the presence of suid herpesvirus-1 DNA and antigens, 36 tissue samples collected from 19 dead pigs, with signs of pseudorabies infection, were examined by PCR, virus isolation and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. Fifteen out of 19 pigs were positive at least for one tissue by PCR (15/19) while only three pseudorabies virus strains were isolated (3/19). All the amplified products were identified by digestion with Sa/l and hybridization. The method described herein circumvents tedious viral isolation and DNA purification and would be a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis, since it would take less than 5 h to reach an accurate result even in poorly preserved tissue samples.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , DNA, Viral , Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 1, Suid , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pseudorabies , Swine/virology , Argentina , Blotting, Southern , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/pathology , Swine Diseases/virology , Pseudorabies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
An indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed. Infected and non infected allantoic fluids precipitated with polyetilenglycol 6000 were used as antigen and control antigen, respectively. Serum samples were diluted 1/20 and a commercial horse radish peroxidase-labelled rabbit anti-equine IgG was used as second antibody. The reaction was developed using azino-diethylbenzotyazol-sulfonate (ABTS). Cut-off was determined by ratio sample (Rs). The hemagglutination inhibition test was used as a reference test for the 391 samples analyzed. Of these, 301 sera were positive by hemagglutination inhibition test and indirect ELISA, 75 were negative by both techniques, and 15 were positive by indirect ELISA and negative by hemagglutination inhibition test. Using hemagglutination inhibition test as standard, the indirect ELISA showed a relative specificity and sensitivity of 83.3 and 100, respectively. This indirect ELISA is useful as screening test.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rabbits , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Influenza, Human , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The genomes of 10 equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strains isolated in Argentina from 1979 to 1991, and a Japanese HH1 reference strain were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis. Two restriction enzymes, Bam HI and Bgl II, were used and analysis of the electropherotypes did not show significant differences among isolates obtained from horses with different clinical signs. This suggests that the EHV-1 isolates studied, which circulated in Argentina for more than 10 years, belong to a single genotype
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Genome , Herpesvirus 1, Equid/genetics , Argentina , Deoxyribonuclease BamHI , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific , Electrophoresis , Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Se comparó la morfología de las placas de lisis producidas pro tres cepas de virus Herpes equino tipo 1: SP1, aislada en nuestro laboratorio, y dos cepas de referencia, Kentucky B adaptada a cultivos celulares (Ky Bcc) y Kentucky B atenuada por pasajes en hamster (Ky Ba). Se observó que la cepa Ky Bcc formó placas pequeñas de tamaño variable, de aproximadamente 1 mm de diámetro y de bordes irregulares. La cepa Ky Ba formó placas de tamaño uniforme de aproximadamente 2-3 mm y bordes lisos. La morfología de las placas formadas por la cepa SP1 fue coincidente con Ky Bcc. Se concluye que la cepa SP1 es una cepa salvaje de origen abortigénico y semejante a la cepa Ky Bcc en su propiedad de formar placas líticas