ABSTRACT
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommon sarcomas that originate from a peripheral nerve or neurofi broma either spontaneously or in association with neurofi bromatosis type 1. MPNSTs account for approximately 5% of all soft tissue malignancies. The tumor is commonly seen in the extremities and trunk. Most of these tumors are high-grade with the potential to recur and metastasize. Common metastatic sites include the lungs, bone, and pleura. Primary intraosseous MPNST is rare, and the diagnosis of intraosseous MPNST, especially in an unusual location is diffi cult because of its cellular origin, histomorphological similarities with other sarcomas, and bone is the most common site for metastasis. We report an unusual case of MPNST of the calcaneus in a young male.
ABSTRACT
Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is an important and relatively safer alternative to the traditional method of percutaneous liver biopsy, especially in patients with gross ascites or deranged bleeding parameters. In this article, we will highlight the instrumentation required for performing the procedure, the technical aspects of the procedure, the common complications encountered, and the troubleshooting methods to overcome the problems encountered during the procedure.
Subject(s)
Acetic Acid/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Catheter Ablation/methods , Cryosurgery/methods , Diagnostic Imaging , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Humans , Laser Therapy/methods , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Microwaves/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Characterization of focal liver lesions remains a diagnostic challenge for the radiologists, more so when there is associated underlying chronic liver disease (CLD). Imaging plays a vital role and there has been a constant endeavor to improve the diagnostic accuracy of liver lesions. The introduction of mutiphasic CT and MRI has revolutionized the diagnostic ability of liver lesions. With the advent of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), it is possible to evaluate liver lesions using the non-invasive imaging technique of “contrast-enhanced ultrasonography” (CEUS).1-3 CEUS can overcome the limitations of grey scale and color doppler sonography4,5 and has been used for characterisation of focal liver lesions.2. It can depict arterialisation of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)6,7 and can also help in assessment of the post-therapeutic response.8,9 We present two such cases of HCC evaluated by a recently available second generation ultrasound contrast agent, SonoVue (Bracco, UK).
ABSTRACT
A 12-year-old male child presented with bilateral visual loss and short stature. He had dysmorphic faces, barrel shaped chest and short limbs with enlarged peripheral joints. In addition he had bilateral retinal detachment with secondary cataract formation. Skeletal survey revealed irregular platyspondyly, hypoplastic femoral head and enlarged epiphysis of long bones with cloud like calcification. Radiological features were diagnostic of Kniest syndrome. The child underwent pars plana lensectomy and a vitreo-retinal surgery with silicon oil infusion in the right eye for retinal detachment.
Subject(s)
Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Dwarfism/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases , Humans , Male , Retinal Detachment , Syndrome , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Vision DisordersABSTRACT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a non-invasive multiplanar imaging modality which does not use ionizing radiation. In recent years major technical advances in this field have led to shorter imaging times and better resolution. This has widened the scope of this modality in pediatric imaging. MRI is already an established technique for the brain and spine and is increasingly being used for musculoskeletal, abdominal and pelvic imaging. In this article the authors provide an update on this exciting modality with stress on applications relevant to pediatric surgeons.