ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Joint flexibility and muscle strength play a vital role in the training process of martial arts athletes. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique encourages the neural receptors, through the application of manual resistances, in the gain of functional range of motion and stability to its patients. It is believed that this technique can be adapted to the sports environment. Objective: Evaluate the impact of stretching using the PNF technique on martial arts athletes' flexibility and muscle strength. Methods: Through a controlled experiment, 100 martial arts athletes, without significant differences, were selected as experimental subjects, and randomly divided into two groups for a 4-week experiment. The experimental group added a protocol with PNF stretching exercises in the training, while the control group performed the usual training without interventions. Indicators of flexibility, functional activities, and strength were measured before and after the intervention, compared, and statistically analyzed. Results: Joint flexibility with the shoulder rotation test evolved from 21.88±5.71 to 19.22±5.94, and the left and right division was from 16.90±5.36 to 10.57±3.75; as for muscle strength, the flexor peak moment elevated from 210.36±51.18 to 251.37± 45.72, and flexor power had a gain from 111.76±30.63 to 135.20±2,.42. The extensor peak moment also showed expressive evolutions from 179.47±43.96 to 221.52±33.60. Conclusion: The PNF stretching exercise technique effectively optimizes martial arts athletes' joint flexibility and muscle strength. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: A flexibilidade articular e a força muscular desempenham um papel vital no processo de treinamento dos atletas de artes marciais. A técnica de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (PNF) incentiva os receptores neurais, através da aplicação de resistências manuais, no ganho da amplitude de movimento funcional e da estabilidade aos seus pacientes. Acredita-se que essa técnica possa ser adaptada ao meio esportivo. Objetivo: Avaliar os impactos do alongamento utilizando a técnica de PNF sobre a flexibilidade e a força muscular dos atletas de artes marciais. Métodos: Através de um experimento controlado, 100 atletas de artes marciais, sem diferenças significativas, foram selecionados como objetos experimentais, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos para um experimento de 4 semanas. Ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um protocolo com exercícios de alongamento PNF no treinamento, enquanto o grupo de controle efetuou o treinamento habitual sem intervenções. Indicadores de flexibilidade, atividades funcionais e força foram aferidos antes e depois da intervenção, comparados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: A flexibilidade articular com o teste de giro do ombro evoluiu de 21,88±5,71 para 19,22±5,94, sendo a divisão esquerda e direita de 16,90±5,36 para 10,57±3,75; quanto a força muscular, o momento de pico do flexor elevou-se de 210,36±51,18 para 251,37± 45,72, e a potência do flexor teve um ganho de 111,76±30.63 para 135,20±2,.42. O momento de pico do extensor também demonstrou evoluções expressivas de 179,47±43,96 para 221,52±33,60. Conclusão: O exercício de alongamento com a técnica PNF demonstrou ser efetivo em otimizar a flexibilidade articular e a força muscular dos atletas de artes marciais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La flexibilidad articular y la fuerza muscular desempeñan un papel vital en el proceso de entrenamiento de los atletas de artes marciales. La técnica de facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva (FNP) estimula los receptores neurales, a través de la aplicación de resistencias manuales, en la ganancia de rango funcional de movimiento y estabilidad a sus pacientes. Se cree que esta técnica puede adaptarse al ámbito deportivo. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los estiramientos con la técnica PNF en la flexibilidad y fuerza muscular de atletas de artes marciales. Métodos: A través de un experimento controlado, 100 atletas de artes marciales, sin diferencias significativas, fueron seleccionados como sujetos experimentales, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos para un experimento de 4 semanas. Al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo con ejercicios de estiramiento PNF en el entrenamiento, mientras que el grupo de control realizó el entrenamiento habitual sin intervenciones. Se midieron indicadores de flexibilidad, actividades funcionales y fuerza antes y después de la intervención, se compararon y se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: La flexibilidad articular con la prueba de rotación del hombro evolucionó de 21,88±5,71 a 19,22±5,94, siendo la división izquierda y derecha de 16,90±5,36 a 10,57±3,75; en cuanto a la fuerza muscular, el momento pico flexor se elevó de 210,36±51,18 a 251,37± 45,72, y la potencia flexora tuvo una ganancia de 111,76±30,63 a 135,20±2,, 42. El momento máximo del extensor también mostró evoluciones expresivas de 179,47±43,96 a 221,52±33,60. Conclusión: El ejercicio de estiramiento con técnica PNF demostró ser eficaz para optimizar la flexibilidad articular y la fuerza muscular de los atletas de artes marciales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The effects of arsenic exposure from drinking water, arsenic metabolism, and arsenic methylation on blood pressure (BP) were observed in this study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The BP and arsenic species of 560 participants were determined. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratios of BP associated with arsenic metabolites and arsenic methylation capability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BP was positively associated with cumulative arsenic exposure (CAE). Subjects with abnormal diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulse pressure (PP) usually had higher urinary iAs (inorganic arsenic), MMA (monomethylated arsenic), DMA (dimethylated arsenic), and TAs (total arsenic) than subjects with normal DBP, SBP, and PP. The iAs%, MMA%, and DMA% differed slightly between subjects with abnormal BP and those with normal BP. The PMI and SMI were slightly higher in subjects with abnormal PP than in those with normal PP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings suggest that higher CAE may elevate BP. Males may have a higher risk of abnormal DBP, whereas females have a higher risk of abnormal SBP and PP. Higher urinary iAs may increase the risk of abnormal BP. Lower PMI may elevate the BP. However, higher SMI may increase the DBP and SBP, and lower SMI may elevate the PP.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Arsenic , Metabolism , Toxicity , Blood Pressure , China , Drinking Water , Chemistry , Environmental Exposure , Methylation , Water Pollutants, Chemical , ToxicityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult Japanese encephalitis (JE) patients in a JE outbreak in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province in 2006.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>All the clinical data from the Second People's Hospital in Yuncheng city were analyzed, part of patients' sera and cerebrospinal fluid were tested by serology and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The majority of patients were middle-aged and elderly, 77.8% (35/45) of the total cases were more than 40 years old. Severe and fulminating type cases accounted for 60.0% (27/45). Most patients had underlying diseases. IgM antibody to JE virus (JEV) in serum was positive in each of the 45 patients analyzed and 4-fold or greater rise in sera neutralization antibody titer were found in convalescent serum. JEV nucleic acid was positive in part of cerebrospinal fluid specimens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Viral encephalitis emerged in Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province was Japanese encephalitis B, and most of the cases belonged to elderly group.</p>