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Objective:To analyze the hotspots and development trends in the research of Internet hospitals in China, and provide reference for their high-quality development.Methods:Using theme retrieval method, Internet hospital related articles indexed by CNKI database up to December 2022 were selected as the object. CiteSpace V 5.7.R5 software was used to analyze research institution collaborations, research methods, high-frequency keywords, burst keywords, and thematic clusters of the articles, in order to explore research hotspots and evolutionary trends.Results:A total of 2 083 articles in compliance were retrieved. The period from 2015 to 2022 witnessed a rapid development phase in Internet hospital research. The highest annual publication volume was 438 articles in 2021. There were 274 collaboration nodes among research institutions, with an overall network density of<0.001. The relevant research primarily remained at the level of case analysis (1 626 articles), with empirical research (48 articles) being relatively less common within comprehensive studies (457 articles). " Internet hospital" was the most central keyword with a centrality value of 0.63. Among the six burst keywords obtained, except for " epidemic prevention and control", all of them fell into the coverage of researches on the service system of Internet hospitals, and their fluctuations were closely related to the promulgation of important policy documents or the social hot topics. Extraction of label words from the six meaningful clusters obtained found that the research hotspots primarily centered on platform construction and management, healthcare service system development, as well as COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Internet hospital research as a whole displayed distinct characteristics of the era, with research in this field becoming more refined and diverse after 2014.Conclusions:The following areas may grow into future research hotspots: the construction of Internet hospitals combining emerging technologies and the background, the Internet hospital service systems based on the needs of people′s health, and the standardized development of Internet hospitals combining operation and management. It is recommended to coordinate online and offline efforts, strengthen research collaboration, and improve research methods in order to further enhance the quality and level of research on Internet hospitals in China.
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Internet hospitals have grown into an important part in China′s medical service system, but their problems in quality and safety have been gradually exposed as well. Based on the analysis of existing problems and the concept of total quality management, the Internet Hospital of Tongji hospital of Tongji Medical College Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology has constructed a quality management system for Internet hospitals based on the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of Internet hospitals since January 2022. This system covered such dimensions as Internet hospital quality management guarantee system, online and offline integrated quality control system, and Internet diagnosis and treatment characteristic quality control system. It featured a management guarantee system from such basic guarantee aspects as improving the organizational guarantee, institutional guarantee, and personnel supervision of Internet hospital quality management. It also established an integrated online and offline quality control system from three aspects: basic quality control, link quality control, and final quality control. And based on the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of Internet hospitals, it established quality control systems for patients, doctor, and information security respectively. After implementing this quality management system, the Internet hospital′s patient visits in 2022 rose to 2 155 226 people, with an increase of 115% compared to 2021. The 24-hour response rate of doctors to graphic and textual consultations increased from 78.53% in 2021 to 91.10% in 2022. The proportion of follow-up patients who received examination and testing forms through Internet hospitals increased from 80.51% in 2021 to 82.64% in 2022. This practice could provide reference for the quality management construction of Internet hospitals in China.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of Xingnaojing injection combined with insulin pump in treatment of severe craniocerebral injury (STBI) complicated with diabetes mellitus.Methods:Data of 102 patients with STBI combined with diabetes mellitus admitted from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2020 in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Yantaishan Hospital were prospectively analyzed. Their average age was (48.27±4.20) years. They were randomly divided into group A (34 cases, treated with simple decompression) , group B (34 cases, treated with insulin pump combined decompression) and group C (34 cases, treated with Xingnaojing injection and insulin pump combined decompression) . Fasting blood glucose (FPG) , 2 h postprandial blood glucose level (2 h PG) , interleukin 2 (IL-2) , interleukin 6 (IL-6) , serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP) and glasgow coma scale (GCS) was different, and the incidence of adverse reactions was recorded. SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used for data processing. The measurement data were mean±standard deviation, and t test was used; the counting data were expressed in (%) and χ 2 inspection was used. Results:After treatment, there was no significant difference in 2 h PG, FPG, IL-2, IL-6, hs CRP or GCS scores between group A and group B ( P>0.05) . After treatment, the levels of 2 h PG and FPG were (8.89±1.74) mmol/L and (7.53±1.59) mmol/L in group C, (7.30±1.62) mmol/L and (6.25±1.50) mmol/L in group A, (7.32±1.64) mmol/L and (6.29±1.56) mmol/L in group B. The levels in group C were higher than those in group A and group B ( P<0.05) . The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and hs CRP in group C were (792.74±86.58) ng/L, (8.82±1.73) ng/L and (7.95±1.44) mg/L respectively. The three indexes were (880.85±90.29) ng/L, (13.85±2.20) ng/L and (14.02±2.28) mg/L respectively in group A; (875.37±89.72) ng/L, (13.34±2.18) ng/L, and (13.37±2.26) mg/L respectively in group B. Group C was lower than group A and group B ( P<0.05) . The GCS score of group C was 11.45±2.23 (points) , and that of group A and group B were 8.09±1.52 (points) and 8.73±1.56 (points) respectively. Group C was higher than that of group A and group B ( P<0.05) . Compared with group A and group B, the incidence of adverse reactions in group C was lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Xingnaojing injection and insulin pump combined with decompression are of great significance in reducing adverse reactions and improving the safety of clinical treatment.
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COVID-19 has posed a huge challenge for medical institutions in the city. Rapid completion and operation of a number of cabin hospitals has played a vital role in preventing further spreading of the epidemic, by means of collecting and treating mild patients of the disease. This paper presented the key process of Tongji Hospital in its rapid informationization since it took over a cabin hospital. Based on the network architecture of the Tongji cloud platform, the shared service center is used to share data and integrate services between the cabin hospital and Tongji Hospital. This practice can prevent cross-infection and improve service efficiency as well, hence offering a reference for future information infrastructure development of cabin hospitals.
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Novel coronavirus pneumonia, which has emerged in Wuhan since the end of 2019, has posed a huge challenge for medical institutions in the city. Rapid completion of a number of cabin hospitals plays a vital role in preventing further spreading of the epidemic, by means of collecting and treating mild patients of the disease. This paper presents the key process of Tongji Hospital in its rapid informatization since it took over a cabin hospital. Based on the network architecture of the Tongji cloud platform, the shared service center is used to share data and integrate services between the cabin hospital and Tongji hospital. This practice can prevent cross-infection and improve service efficiency as well, hence offering a reference for future information infrastructure development of cabin hospitals.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of water-fat separation (Dixon) and spectrally selective attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) on fat suppression in the neck.Methods:From June to December 2018, 35 patients, including 16 males and 19 females, aged 23-75 (46±13) years old underwent MRI examinations of cervical vertebrae in Sir Run Run Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. The imaging data of Dixon and SPAIR fat suppression scanning were prospectively collected. The scanning sequences included Dixon VIBE-T 1WI, SPAIR VIBE-T 1WI, Dixon TSE-T 2WI and SPAIR TSE-T 2WI. According to the subjective evaluation, the quality of fat suppression was divided into 0-4 grades. The cases with clear depiction of the thyroid tissue on Dixon or SPAIR were counted. Fisher exact test and paired t test or rank sum test were used to compare the noise, SNR and CNR of mandible angle, glottis, thyroid and sternoclavicular joint. Results:There were 29 cases of grade 0, 4 cases of grade 1, 2 cases of grade 2 on Dixon VIBE-T 1WI, 4 cases of grade 3 and 31 cases of grade 4 on SPAIR VIBE-T 1WI group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); 28 cases of grade 0, 5 cases of grade 1 and 2 cases of grade 2 on Dixon TSE-T 2WI, 33 cases of grade 3 and 4 on SPAIR TSE-T 2WI, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were 35 cases with clear depiction of the thyroid tissues on DIXON and 4 cases on SPAIR VIBE-T 1WI ( P<0.05); there were 35 cases on DIXON and 3 cases on SPAIR TSE-T 2WI ( P<0.05). At the level of mandible angle, for the SNR of sternocleidomastoid muscle, SNR and CNR of splenius capitis muscle on VIBE-T 1WI, Dixon images were better than those on SPAIR images, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the noise, SNR of sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis muscle on TSE-T 2WI images were more than those in SPAIR images, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the level of glottis, the SNR of sternocleidomastoid muscle and levator scapulae muscle in the sequence of VIBE-T 1WI and Dixon images were significantly higher than those on the images of SPAIR ( P<0.05); the noise and SNR of sternocleidomastoid muscle on Dixon TSE-T 2WI images were significantly higher than those on the images of SPAIR ( P<0.05). At the thyroid level, the noise of Dixon VIBE-T 1WI image was less than that of SPAIR image, the SNR of sternocleidomastoid muscle and levator scapulae muscle on Dixon images was greater than that of SPAIR image, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); For TSE-T 2WI sequence, the SNR of sternocleidomastoid muscle on Dixon image was greater than that on SPAIR image, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the level of sternoclavicular joint, there were no significant differences for noise, SNR and CNR between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Dixon outperforms SPAIR in obtaining better image quality and suppression effect in terms of neck MRI scanning.
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To construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the luciferase reporter gene (Fluc) to quickly detect apoptosis. Four amino acids, Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD), the recognize motif of Caspase-3, were introduced into the middle of the Fluc-C and N fragment. Meanwhile, four amino acids, Asp-Glu-Val-Gly (DEVG), were selected as a negative control. Subsequently, the recombinant gene was cloned into the N and C terminal end of the split intein, and named as pFluc-DEVD and pFluc-DEVG. Then the plasmids were transfected into cells and renilla luciferase was co-transfected in each sample as an internal control for transfection efficiency. Then the apoptosis level was detected by the double luciferase reporter gene and the Western blotting analysis. The results showed that when apoptosis occurred, the content of firefly luciferase expressed in the pFluc-DEVD plasmid transfected group was about 3 times higher than pFluc-DEVG plasmid transfected group. Furthermore, Western blotting detection indicated that the Fluc level was significantly increased in pFluc-DEVD transfected group when pre-treated by apoptosis stimulants. The activation degree of Caspase-3 was closely related to the expression of Fluc, and had a significant statistical difference. These results confirmed that firefly luciferase protein expressed by pFluc-DEVD plasmid can be cleaved by the intracellular Caspase-3 enzyme, and this plasmid can accurately reflect the cell apoptosis level, which provides a useful method for quantitative detection of apoptosis.
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Apoptosis , Genes, Reporter , Luciferases, Firefly , TransfectionABSTRACT
Aim To screen novel NS5 inhibitors a-gainst dengue virus ( DENV) replication. Methods His-tagged DENV2 NS5 RNA-dependent polymerase ( NS5 RdRp ) was expressed and purified in BL21 cells. The binding ability of the small molecules to NS5 polymerase was determined by SPR assay. The activity of dengue inhibition by Z1 was determined by CPE, LDH and plaque assay. RNA synthesis was as-sessed by Real-time PCR. The dsRNA synthesis and viral proteins were detected by immunofluorescence as-say. The level of viral proteins was examined by West-ern blot. The stage of DENV life cycle was evaluated by time of drug-addition assay. Results A small mo-lecular Z1 was discovered, which could bind to NS5 RdRp. Z1 inhibited DENV2 RNA replication, synthe-sis of dsRNA and protein synthesis in post-entry stage of dengue life-cycle. Cell based assay confirmed that Z1 inhibited DENV-induced cell death with EC50 val-ues of 4. 75μmol·L-1 . Conclusions The novel NS5 inhibitor Z1, inhibits DENV2 RNA replication, protein synthesis and release of progeny virus, which may be severed as an anti-DENV2 antiviral drug for further de-velopment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) on the infection of transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1 and its matched chronic control (CC) viruses and the antagonism of ADS-J1 on SEVI-mediated enhancement of TF and CC virus infection in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PAPself-assembling into SEVI amyloid fibrils was validated by ThT assay. We generated the virus stocks of TF and CC virus pair. TZM-bl cells were infected with the mixture of SEVI and TF or CC viruses for 72 h. Luciferase activity was used to observe the enhancement of SEVI. SEVI was treated with different concentrations of ADS-J1 and incubated with TF or CC viruses. TZM-bl cells were then infected with the mixture and luciferase activity was detected 72 h after infection to analyze the antagonism of ADS-J1 on the enhancing effect of SEVI. ADS-J1 was also incubated with TF and CC viruses directly and TZM-bl cells were infected for 72 h to evaluate the antiviral effect using luciferase assay. SEVI was treated with ADS-J1 and Zeta potential was determined to explore the antagonistic mechanism of ADS-J1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ThT assay showed that PAPwas capable of self-assembly into SEVI amyloid fibrils. SEVI significantly accelerated TF and CC viruses infection (P<0.05), and ADS-J1 not only significantly antagonized the enhancement of SEVI (P<0.05) but also directly inhibited the infection of TF and CC viruses (P<0.05). ADS-J1 neutralized the positive charge of SEVI in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SEVI promotes the infection of TF and CC strains, and ADS-J1 antagonizes SEVI-mediated enhancement of TF and CC viruses by neutralizing the positive charge of SEVI.</p>
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Objective:To study the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal CA1 region of the vascular dementia (VD) rats,and to explore its protective effect on VD.Methods:Eighty healthy Wistar rats were equally and randomly assigned to sham operation group,NBP control group (sham operation + NBP injection),VD group (VD models),NBP treatment group (VD models + NBP injection) (n=20).Each group was divided into four subgroups (n =5):1,2,4,and 8 weeks after operation groups.The VD rat models were established by using permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation.After consciousness,the rats in NBP treatment group and NBP control group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 NBP for consecutive 7 d.The rats in VD and sham operation groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL · d-1 saline for consecutive 7 d.At 1,2,4,and 8 weeks after operation,the rats in each group were decapitated.The brains were obtained,and then the hippoeampus tissues were isolated.The BDNF expression levels in the hippocampal CA1 region were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.Results:At 2,4,and 8 weeks after s operation,the expression levels of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of the rats in VD group were significantly higher those in sham operation group (P＜ 0.05);at 4 and 8 weeks after operation,the expression levels of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of the rats in NBP treatment groups were significantly higher than that in VD group (P＜ 0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats in VD group was higher than that in sham operation group at 4 weeks after operation (P＜ 0.05);the expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats in NBP treatment group was higher than that in VD group at 8 weeks after operation (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The BDNF expression is increased in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats with VD after the neurons were injured by ischemia.NBP can increase the BDNF expression level in the hippocampal CA1 region of the VD rats and protect the nerves.
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Objective:To study the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal CA1 region of the vascular dementia (VD) rats,and to explore its protective effect on VD.Methods:Eighty healthy Wistar rats were equally and randomly assigned to sham operation group,NBP control group (sham operation + NBP injection),VD group (VD models),NBP treatment group (VD models + NBP injection) (n=20).Each group was divided into four subgroups (n =5):1,2,4,and 8 weeks after operation groups.The VD rat models were established by using permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation.After consciousness,the rats in NBP treatment group and NBP control group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 NBP for consecutive 7 d.The rats in VD and sham operation groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL · d-1 saline for consecutive 7 d.At 1,2,4,and 8 weeks after operation,the rats in each group were decapitated.The brains were obtained,and then the hippoeampus tissues were isolated.The BDNF expression levels in the hippocampal CA1 region were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.Results:At 2,4,and 8 weeks after s operation,the expression levels of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of the rats in VD group were significantly higher those in sham operation group (P＜ 0.05);at 4 and 8 weeks after operation,the expression levels of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of the rats in NBP treatment groups were significantly higher than that in VD group (P＜ 0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats in VD group was higher than that in sham operation group at 4 weeks after operation (P＜ 0.05);the expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats in NBP treatment group was higher than that in VD group at 8 weeks after operation (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The BDNF expression is increased in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats with VD after the neurons were injured by ischemia.NBP can increase the BDNF expression level in the hippocampal CA1 region of the VD rats and protect the nerves.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hospitalized patients with essential hypertension (EH) and analyze the related risk factors.Methods A retrospectivc analysis of chronic kidney disease and its influencing factors was taken from March 2014 to March 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.People were diagnosed EH patients (1 020 cases).Results (1) The detection rates of proteinuria,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD in patients with EH were 22.3％,13.3％,and 26.1％,respectively.The ratio of CKD in male and female was 26.8％ vs 25.5％ (P＞0.05);(2) With the increase in systolic blood pressure levels (as the systolic blood pressure increased 20 mmHg),the constituent ratio of CKD increased with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05);(3) The risk factors of essential hypertension complicated with chronic kidney disease were high uric acid,the history of diabetes,SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and the age (OR =2.682,2.224,1.932,1.065).Conclusions The detection rate of CKD in patients with hypertension in was high,and the blood pressure,blood glucose,and serum uric acid should be controlled to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of CKD.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hospitalized patients with essential hypertension (EH) and analyze the related risk factors.Methods A retrospectivc analysis of chronic kidney disease and its influencing factors was taken from March 2014 to March 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.People were diagnosed EH patients (1 020 cases).Results (1) The detection rates of proteinuria,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD in patients with EH were 22.3％,13.3％,and 26.1％,respectively.The ratio of CKD in male and female was 26.8％ vs 25.5％ (P＞0.05);(2) With the increase in systolic blood pressure levels (as the systolic blood pressure increased 20 mmHg),the constituent ratio of CKD increased with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05);(3) The risk factors of essential hypertension complicated with chronic kidney disease were high uric acid,the history of diabetes,SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and the age (OR =2.682,2.224,1.932,1.065).Conclusions The detection rate of CKD in patients with hypertension in was high,and the blood pressure,blood glucose,and serum uric acid should be controlled to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of CKD.
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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of estrogen receptor alpha in renal tissue of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy.Methods Fifty renal tissue samples including forty five cases of IgA nephropathy and five cases of normal expression were collected.The expression of estrogen receptor αt (ERα) was detected by immunohistochemistry method,and its relationship with clinical parameters and the degree of glomerular damage were analyzed.Results ERα was located in the glomerular and renal tubules.With the severity of the lesion,the expression of ERα in renal tissue of IgA nephropathy decreased gradually (P =0.001) and its expression was associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum creatinine (Scr),and pathologic grade of IgA nephropathy (r =0.876,-0.818,and -0.736,P ＜ 0.05),The expression of ERα was significantly decreased in hypertensive patients with IgA nephropathy,and the difference was statistically significant compared with that in non-hypertensive group (P =0.011).Conclusions The expression of ERα in renal tissue of IgA nephropathy was significantly decreased and there was a correlation between the degree of renal tissue damage,suggesting that ERα might play a role in the development of renal disease.
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Objective To study the effects of Duliang capsule on the expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide(CGRP) and cholecystokinin(CCK) in the midbrain of a rat migraine model ,and explored treatment effects and mechanisms of Duliang cap‐sule on rats with migraine .Methods A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups :normal control groups(A) ,migraine model groups(B) ,Duliang capsule control groups(C) and Duliang capsule treatment groups(D) .C and D were intragastrically per‐fused with Duliang capsule(0 .5 g · kg -1 · d-1 ) .After 7 days ,nitroglycerin was subcutaneously injected into the buttocks of the B and D to induce migraine .Two hours after nitroglycerin injection ,the midbrain were isolated CGRP and CCK expression in midbrain were determined using SYBR Green I real‐time quantitative PCR .Results CGRP mRNA expression was significantly lower in mid‐brains of rats in the Duliang capsule treatment groups compared with migraine model groups(P<0 .05) .CCK mRNA expression was significantly lower in midbrains of rats in the Duliang capsule control groups compared with normal control groups(P<0 .05) . Conclusion Duliang capsule can exhibit the expression of CGRP and CCK in the midbrain of the migraine rats .weaken the CGRP and CCK‐induced inhibition of the analgesic effects of opioid peptides .
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Objective:To deteat N‐terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro BNP) and cystatin C (Cys C) con‐tent in Kazak patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) complicated heart failure (HF) and analyze the corre‐lation between them .Methods :A total of 100 Kazak HHD patients were divided into hypertension complicated HF group (Complicated HF group , n=50) and pure HHD group (n=50) .Venous blood sample was taken within 24h after hospitalization for measuring serum levels of NT‐proBNP and Cys C ,then they were compared and analyzed between two groups .Results:Compared with pure HHD group ,there were significant rise in serum levels of NT‐proBNP [ (246.53 ± 165.65) ng/L vs .(4568.32 ± 2722.36) ng/L] and Cys C [ (0.82 ± 0.31) mg/L vs .(1.93 ± 2.46) mg/L] in complicated HF group , P< 0.01 both .Spearman correlation analysis indicated that serum NT‐proBNP level was positively correlated with Cys C level in complicated HF group , r=0.961 , P<0.01. Conclusion:In Kazak patients with hypertensive heart disease complicated HF ,serum NT‐proBNP and Cys C levels significantly rise and they significantly positively correlate ,so it suggest there may be slight damaged renal function also .
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Objective To observe the influence of rizatriptan on the behavior and pain-related cytokines in peripheral blood of the migraine model rats, and to investigate the theraputic effect of rizatriptan on migraine.Methods A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into:control group,migraine group,rizatriptan control group and rizatriptan treatment group.The rats in rizatriptan control and rizatriptan treatment groups were intragastrically perfused with rizatriptan,1 mg·kg-1 per day (according to the adult daily dose),and the rats in control and migraine groups were perfused with normal saline,1 mL per day. After 7 d, nitroglycerin was subcutaneously inj ected into the buttocks of the rats in rizatriptan treatment and migraine groups to induce migraine.Normal saline was injected into the rats in control and rizatriptan control groups.At 60-90 min following nitroglycerin injection,the total number of behavioral symptoms was measured.The serum calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT ), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were determined using ELISA. Results Compared with migraine group, the behavioral score of the rats in rizatriptan treatment group was significantly decreased (P0.05 );the serum 5-HT level in rizatriptan control group was significantly increased(P0.05).Conclusion Rizatriptan can relieve the behavior symptoms in nitroglycerin-induced migraine model rats, increase the serum 5-HT level, improve the vasomotor disturbance,and relieve the angiectasis.
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Objective To conduct morphological observation and gene identification of the strain of flagellate iso -lated from Cricetulus migratorius in the Xinjiang Research Center for Experimental Animals .Methods The ileocecal con-tents of C.migratorius were microscopically examined on direct smear with Wright-Giemsa staining , and the total RNA iso-lated from Xinjiang C.migratorius was extracted and 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR , and then sequenced .Furthermore the homology was compared and the phylogenetic tree was developed using MEGA 5.22 software.Results Morphological observation indicated that the isolated flagellate was Tritrichomonas muris.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the Xinjiang C. migratorius isolate shared highly homology with that of other Tritrichomonas.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the 16S rRNA gene of Xinjiang C.migratorius isolate was classified into a subgroup with T.muris 16S rRNA (U85966.1), but was relatively distant relative from other related tritrichomonas.Conclusions The flagellate isolated from Xinjiang C. migratorius is identified to be T.muris by both morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene analysis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of medication overuse headache (MOH) to provide data for the diagnosis and treatment of MOH.Methods Eighty-eight patients with MOH,admitted to our hospital from August 2011 to March 2012,were chosen in our study; the demographic characteristics,headache characteristics,concomitant symptoms and disability of these patients were analyzed statistically.Results MOH patients (aged 47.0±17.5 years and 80％ being women) had the following characteristics:moderate to severe pain (98％),throbbing or distending pain (51％ and 42％,respectively),locating in full head or temporal top,sleep disorders (70％),emotional irritability (50％) and depression (20％).Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire showed that about 63.15％ patients had severe degree of disability and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) indicated about 73.68％ patients.The over-used medication was combination analgesic,including non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug and caffeine in 76 patients (86％),Chinese patent drug in 10 patients (12％) and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug in 2 patients (2％).Conclusion Most MOH patients are old women with chronic migraine,whose typical characteristics of headache are moderate to severe throbbing or distending pain in full head or temporal top,often accompanied with depression,dysphoria and sleeplessness,which affects life deeply.
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Objective To assess the influence of Rizatriptan on the cholecystokinin( CCK) expression in periaqueductal gray( PAG) of migraine model rat to investigate the possible mechanism by which Triptans treat mi?graine. Methods A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control groups(A),migraine model groups(B),Rizatriptan control groups(C) and Rizatriptan treatment groups(D).C and D groups were intra?gastrically perfused with Rizatriptan,1 mg/kg per day. After 7 days,nitroglycerin was subcutaneously injected into the buttocks of the B and D group to induce migraine. Two hours after nitroglycerin injection,the trigeminal ganglia were isolated.CGRP expression in periaqueductal gray were determined using SYBR Green I real?time quantitative PCR and Immunohistochemistry. Results CCK mRNA levels ( target gene mRNA copies per 250 ng total RNA,× 106) in the rat midbrain of A,B,C,D groups were 1.25±0.41,1.71±0.93,0.17±0.12,0.22±0.07 respectively. CCK?8?immunoreactive positive cells in the rat PAG of each group were 37.17±12.62,40.17±11.09,27.33±7.71, 20.67±7.66 respectively. CCK mRNA expression in group C was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05) while the CCK mRNA expression in group D was lower than that of group B(P<0.05).The CCK?8?positive cells of the rat PAG in group D were lower than that in group B(P<0.05) . Conclusion Rizatriptan can down regulate the expression of CCK?8 in the PAG of the migraine rats and weaken the CCK?8 induced inhibition of the analgesic effects of opioid peptides.