ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the possible impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) on clinical outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Patients with AF who underwent coronary computed tomography and catheter ablation were enrolled. The presence of stenotic severity and plaque, characteristics of coronary arteries, clinical data, and adverse outcomes of catheter ablation were analysed. Results: A total of 243 patients were enrolled, 100 (41%) patients with CAD. The CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, and sex category) score of AF patients with CAD was significantly (P<0.001) higher than of those without CAD. Presence of stenotic artery and plaques increased significantly with increase of CHA2DS2-VASc score (P<0.05). There was no significant (P=0.342) difference in AF recurrence between patients with and without CAD (30% versus 24%). Age, AF type, duration of AF, heart failure, CHA2DS2-VASc score, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left atrial diameter were significantly (P<0.05) correlated with AF recurrence in univariant analysis. Multivariable analysis revealed that duration of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.769), heart failure (HR 1.821), and left atrial diameter (HR 1.487, P=0.022) remained significant independent predictors of AF recurrence. Patients with AF and concomitant CAD were significantly (P=0.030) associated with a worse outcome. Conclusion: CAD concomitant with AF may be associated with a worse clinical outcome even though CAD does not significantly affect the risk of AF recurrence after ablation therapy.
ABSTRACT
This study was to analyze the in vivo distribution of wall shear stress (WSS), velocity and inplane pressure difference in normal carotid artery by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on contrastenhanced MRA (CE-MRA) data and to determine whether there were differences in these hemodynamic parameters between atherosclerosis-free and atherosclerosis-prone areas. CE-MRA was performed on 16 normal carotid arteries to obtain carotid three-dimensional surface data. CFD analysis was then performed to estimate those parameters in atherosclerosis-free (distal common carotid artery and distal internal carotid artery) and atherosclerosis-prone (carotid bifurcation) areas. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to analyze differences among these three areas. CFD analysis revealed that WSS and velocity were significantly lower in carotid bifurcation compared to distal common carotid artery (CCA) (P =0.011, P <0.001, respectively) and distal internal carotid artery (ICA) (P <0.001, P <0.001, respectively). While in-plane pressure difference was significantly higher in carotid bifurcation compared to distal CCA (P <0.001) and distal ICA (P =0.005). Hemodynamic environment in carotid bifurcation of normal carotid artery which assessed by using CFD analysis appeared to be with lower WSS and lower velocity, while with higher in-plane pressure difference. These characterizations might facilitate the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição in vivo da tensão de cisalhamento da parede (WSS), velocidade e plano diferença de pressão na artéria carótida normal usando dinâmica de fluidos computacional (CFD) baseada em contraste Dados do MRA (CE-MRA) e para determinar se houve diferenças nesses parâmetros hemodinâmicos entre áreas livres de aterosclerose e propensas à aterosclerose. O CE-MRA foi realizado em 16 artérias carótidas normais para obter dados de superfície tridimensional da carótida. A análise CFD foi então realizada para estimar esses parâmetros em livre de aterosclerose (artéria carótida comum distal e artéria carótida interna distal) e propensa a aterosclerose (carótida bifurcação). Análise de variância unidirecional (ANOVA) foi realizada para analisar as diferenças entre essas três áreas. A análise de CFD revelou que o WSS e a velocidade foram significativamente menores na bifurcação carotídea em comparação com a comum distal artéria carótida (ACC) (P = 0,011, P <0,001, respectivamente) e artéria carótida interna distal (ACI) (P <0,001, P <0,001, respectivamente). Enquanto a diferença de pressão no plano foi significativamente maior na bifurcação carotídea em comparação com a CCA distal (P <0,001) e ICA distal (P = 0,005). Ambiente hemodinâmico na bifurcação carotídea da artéria carótida normal que avaliada por meio de análise de CFD parece estar com menor WSS e menor velocidade, enquanto com maior pressão no plano diferença. Essas caracterizações podem facilitar o início da aterosclerose.