Association between prediabetes and risk of cancer / 预防医学

Objective @#To examine the association between prediabetes and the risk of cancer, so as to provide insights into precision cancer prevention. @*Methods@#Based on the project of Early Screening and Comprehensive Interventions among Population at A High Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Changning District, Shanghai Municipality, baseline data were captured from permanent community residents at ages of 35 to 75 years from 2016 to 2019, including demographics, physical examinations, previous medical history and used of medications. The development of cancers was used as a outcome measure, and the follow-up was terminated by May 2021. The development of cancer was collected through the Changning Cancer Registration System, and the association between prediabetes and the risk of cancer was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 9 503 participants were finally included, with a mean age of (57.12±10.89) years. The participants included 2 167 cases with prediabetes (22.80%) and 7 336 individuals with normal glucose (77.20%), and included 3 713 men (39.07%) and 5 790 women (60.93%). A total of 114 new cases with cancers were diagnosed until the final follow-up, including 37 cases among prediabetic patients (1.71%) and 77 cases among participants with normal blood glucose (1.05%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, educational level, family annual income, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, administration of antihypertensive agents, dyslipidemia, administration of lipid-lowering agents and medical history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, a higher risk of cancers was detected among prediabetic patients than among participants with normal blood glucose (OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.025-2.277), and prediabetes had no significant interactions with age, gender, smoking or alcohol consumption (all P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Prediabetes is statistically associated with the risk of cancer.

Visualization analysis of lecithin in drugs based on electrochemiluminescent single gold microbeads / 药物分析学报

Fast and high-throughput determination of drugs is a key trend in clinical medicine.Single particles have increasingly been adopted in a variety of photoanalytical and electroanalytical applications,and microscopic analysis has been a hot topic in recent years,especially for electrochemiluminescence (ECL).This paper describes a simple ECL method based on single gold microbeads to image lecithin.Lecithin reacts to produce hydrogen peroxide under the successive enzymatic reaction of phospholipase D and choline oxidase.ECL was generated by the electrochemical reaction between a luminol analog and hydrogen peroxide,and ECL signals were imaged by a camera.Despite the heterogeneity of single gold microbeads,their luminescence obeyed statistical regularity.The average luminescence of 30 gold microbeads is correlated with the lecithin concentration,and thus,a visualization method for analyzing lecithin was established.Calibration curves were constructed for ECL intensity and lecithin concentra-tion,achieving detection limits of 0.05 mM lecithin.This ECL imaging platform based on single gold microbeads exhibits outstanding advantages,such as high throughput,versatility and low cost,and holds great potential in disease diagnostics,environmental monitoring and food safety.

Retrospective evaluation and prediction of clearance and toxicity of high dose methotrexate in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients

To find the predictors of High Dose Methotrexate toxicities in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. This study included 198 Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients (303 infusions) who were treated with High Dose Methotrexate. Methotrexate levels at different time point were measured by modified enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique assay. The correlation between Methotrexate levels and toxicity was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. When the Methotrexate level at 42 h was lower than 0.76 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting thorough clearance at 66 h was 90.78%. When the Methotrexate level at 42 h was higher than1.5 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting delayed clearance was 82.17%. When the Methotrexate level at 66 h was higher than 0.5 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting Methotrexate toxicity was 89.09%. When the Methotrexate level at 66 h was lower than 0.1 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting Methotrexate nontoxicity was 92.73%. The Methotrexate level at 42 h could be predictor for delayed clearance. The Methotrexate level at 66 h could be predictor for toxicity.

Analysis of nutritional status of Tibetan primary school students in Namling County,Shigatse, 2015 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the nutrition status of primary school students in Namling County of Shigatseand so as to provide references for nutrition health intervention for students. Methods By random cluster sampling, 5 primary schools were randomly selected, and 1 class was randomly selected from each grade. A total of 1097 subjects, aged from 7 to 12 years were selected and their height and weight were measured. Results The rate of overweight was 0.46%. The rate of malnutrition was 32.27%, and boys (36.61%) were higher than girls (27.75%) ( 2=9.847, P=0.002).The rate of malnutrition was the lowest (25.00%) in the 8 years old group, and the highest (53.38%) in 12 years old group ( 2=37.808, P<0.001). The rate of stunting was 15.86%. There was no significant difference between boys (17.14%) and girls (14.53%) ( 2=1.408, P=0.235), and the highest (31.76%) in 12 years old group and the lowest (9.66%) in 7 years old group ( 2=34.206, P<0.001). The rate of wasting was 20.78%, boys (24.46%) was higher than girls (16.95%) ( 2=9.411, P=0.002). There was significant difference among different age groups ( 2=25.493, P<0.001). Conclusions Malnutrition is still a serious public health problem among students and the main characteristic was high-rate of stunting and wasting. It is necessary to strengthen nutrition education to improve the nutritional status of students.

Research progress on anti-inflammatory activity of three kinds of iridoid glycosides in Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Iridoid glycosides are widely distributed in Chinese materia medica (CMM) with various biological activities such as anti-inflammation. They are also used as quality control constituents in some Chinese medicines. Iridoid glycosides are usually divided into nine-carbon skeleton iridoid glycoside type, ten-carbon skeleton iridoid glycoside type, and secoiridoid glycoside type. In this paper, 15 representative iridoid glycosides from three types which are received extensive attention (including geniposide, catalpol, gentiopicroside, etc) have been selected. Their anti-inflammatory effects and possible related mechanisms are summarized to find out the acting feature of different types. Through comparing the structures and function characteristics, it was concluded that the anti-inflammatory effects of iridoid glycosides were mostly related to NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway. They have obvious inhibitory effects on TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β inflammatory factors, some of which could play a role by reducing the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in NLRP3, Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K, and other pathways. From the structure-activity relationship, the double bond on the cyclopentane, the C-11 substituent and the bond formation after ring opening in iridoid glycosides all have important effects on its anti-inflammatory activities.

Strenthening entry-exit supervision for protecting natural resources of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

China is highly rich of medicinal plants. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has a long history and is important traditional resources in China. As one of the important strategic resources and the link among all the countries along the ancient "Silk Road", TCM has played important role in economy, politics, society and ecology. With the initiative of the "Belt and Road" in recent years, many natural resources of TCM now are facing the risk of extinction due to more and more frequent trade between China and other countries, also the increase of export has influenced to the stock of TCM. In order to prevent the loss of the resources, strengthen the protection and sustainable use of TCM, our study provided the strategies to the natural resources of TCM's entry-exit supervision from nine aspects, like law and regulation system, based on the analysis of current supervision status quo.

Prognosis of cervical and posterior to level V lymph node metastasis in 406 cases of na-sopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of cervical and posterior to level V (PLV) lymph node metastasis and discuss further updates on neck levels and N stages for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:A total of 406 pathologically diagnosed NPC cases from December 2011 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the prognosis of patients with cervi-cal and PLV lymph node metastasis. Results:In the 406 cases, the 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local re-lapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 75.0%, 63.4%, 87.2%, and 81.8%, respectively. The 3-year OS, PFS, LRFS, and DMFS of patients with node involvement of PLV were 51.5%, 22.7%, 90.0%, and 41.3%, respectively. For the N3 stage, the 3-year OS, PFS, LRFS, and DMFS with or without PLV involvement were 43.9%and 84.7%(P=0.002), 12.9%and 55.4%(P=0.006), 88.9%and 80.3%(P=0.649), and 33.0%and 85.9%(P<0.001), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that N stage was a prog-nostic factor for OS, PFS, and DMFS (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PLV was an independent prognostic factor for DMFS (P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with NPC with PLV node involvement exhibited poor prognosis and an increased risk of distant metastasis. Thus, PLV should be a new neck node level for head and neck tumors.

Novel PHEX gene mutations in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: an analysis of 2 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate PHEX gene mutations in 2 patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and their families and to clarify the genetic etiology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of two patients with XLH. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the PHEX gene, a pathogenic gene of XLH. PCR-Sanger sequencing was used to verify the distribution of mutations in families.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both patients had novel mutations in the PHEX gene; one patient had a frameshift mutation, c.931dupC, which caused early termination of translation and produced the truncated protein p.Gln311Profs*13; the other patient had a splice site mutation, IVS14+1G>A, which caused the skipping of exon 15 and produced an incomplete amino acid chain. Their parents had normal gene phenotypes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>c.931dupC and IVS14+1G>A are two novel mutations of the PHEX gene and might be the new pathogenic mutations of XLH.</p>

Removal of algae from raw water by ultrasonic irradiation and flocculation: A pilot scale experiment.

Using Chl a removal rate as index, a 28 kHz/900w ultrasonic cleaning machine was applied to testify algal removal by ultrasonic irradiation from raw water of a pool, where Microcystis aeruginosa colonies is absolutely dominated with temperature being over 20oC, and the irradiation lasted for 5 min. PAC was used as flocculant at the dose of 60 mgl-1, jar tests were done to investigate the Chl a removal by flocculation. The results showed that ultrasound raised the water temperature instantly but did not lead to a regular pH change pattern in all the treated samples. Ultrasound could remove more than 90% of Chl a from raw water with temperature over 31oC, but less than 20% of Chl a or even increased Chl a concentration in some samples with temperature lower than 31 oC. Compared with the algal removal effects by direct raw water flocculation with PAC, ultrasound did not enhance markedly the flocculation effects on algae removal, which was not in agreement with the findings reported. The reason might be due to morphology and characteristics of natural algae differed greatly from that of algae cultured in laboratory.

Establishment of two-dimensional electrophoresis system of caudal gland / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an effective separation system of 2-DE for the proteome of caudal gland, and provide foundation for revealing the mechanisms of histological development and pharmacological activities.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The total proteins of caudal gland were extracted by TCA/acetone precipitation, phenol extraction/methanol-ammonium acetate precipitation and trizol-base method respectively and separated by immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips prior to SDS-PAGE. Loading protein sample size and isoelectric focusing conditions were optimized. The gels were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, scanned and then analyzed using PDQuest 8.0 analysis software.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total proteins of caudal gland extracted by trizol-base method were the highest quality and could meet the needs of 2-DE. With 300 microg of proteins loaded on 7 cm pH 3-10 IPG strip followed by isoelectric focusing program II ,a satisfying 2-DE profiles were obtained. The total number of disticted protein spots was 209 with the optimized system.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A well-resolved 2-DE patterns of caudal gland were obtained by this optimized system. This method could be applied to prepare other similar tissue sample and 2-DE studies.</p>

Elevated nocturnal and morning blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The nocturnal nondipping and elevated morning blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not yet been well investigated in Chinese patients. This study aimed to describe the BP profile, and to elucidate the relationships between daytime BP and nighttime BP, and between evening BP and morning BP in patients with OSAS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty teaching hospital sleep centers in China were organized by the Chinese Medical Association to participate in this study and 2297 patients were recruited between January 2004 and April 2006. BP assessments were made at four time points (daytime, evening, nighttime and morning) and polysomnography (PSG) was performed and subjects were classified into four groups by their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): control, n = 213 with AHI < 5; mild, n = 420 with AHI ≥ 5 and < 15; moderate, n = 460 with AHI ≥ 15 and < 30; and severe, n = 1204 with AHI ≥ 30. SPSS 11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis and figure drawing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the average daytime, nighttime, evening and morning BPs were positively correlated with AHI and negatively correlated with nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening average BP were positively correlated with AHI. The ratio of nighttime/daytime systolic BP became a "reversed BP dipping" pattern until the classification reached severe, while the ratio of nighttime/daytime diastolic BP became reversed at moderate. Similarly, the ratio of morning/evening diastolic BP becomes reversed even at mild.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OSAS may result in higher BP levels at all four time points. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening BP increase with increased AHI. The increasing of diastolic BP, which is inclined to rise more quickly, is not parallel with increasing systolic BP.</p>

Field observation on the effect of low-sodium and high-potassium salt substitute on blood pressure in the rural community-based population in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of commercial low-sodium and high-potassium salt substitutes on blood pressure in the rural community-based population in China.Methods We conducted a quasi-experiment on 411 adults, who were 30 to 60 years of age, in 2 rural communities from Laiwu city in Shandong province of China on data from blood pressure screening.The subjects were divided into 2 groups: high blood pressure (HBP) and non-HBP (NHBP). Both groups and their family members took a low-sodium and high-potassium salt substitute for 3 months to replace the normal salt in their bodies. Blood pressure (BP) and 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium were measured regularly in the 2 groups. Results There was a continuously decreasing trend for BP at the end of the first month. Three months later, the mean BP decreased by 7.4 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa, t=10.096, P=0.000) for SBP and 3.8 mm Hg (t=8.017, P=0.000) for DBP in the HBP group,when compared to a 1.2 mm Hg(t=2.507,P=0.007) decrease on SBP and 1.0 nun Hg(t=2.987, P=0.002) on DBP in the NHBP group. The mean urinary sodium had a decrease of 15.5 mmol/24 h (t=1.803,P=0.037) ,but the urinary potassium increased by 4.2 mmol/24 h (t' =2.132, P=0.018). The result of urinary sodium appepared to be as follows:potassium ratio (Na+/K+ ) decreased by 1.2 (t=2.786,P=0.003) in the HBP group. However,in NHBP group,the mean urinary sodium decreased by 1.7 mmol/24 h (t=0.211, P=0.417) and urinary potassium increased by 3.7 mmol/24 h (t' =2.207,P=0.015) ,together with the decrease ofNa+/K+ by 0.7 (t=1.818, P=0.036). Conclusion Results from our study clearly demonstrated that the intake of low-sodium and high-potassium salt substitute could effectively reduce the BP with good compliance among adults in the rural community-based population in China. This was an effective but non-medical method to prevent and control the high blood pressure.

Relationship of daytime blood pressure and severity of obstructive sleep apnea among Chinese: a multi-center investigation in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Epidemiologic studies have shown an independent and definite association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension. This study aimed to define the association between daytime blood pressure and severity of OSA in Chinese population in mainland of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty university hospital sleep centers in mainland of China were invited by the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) to participate in this epidemiologic study and 2297 consecutive patients (aged 18 - 85 years; 1981 males and 316 females) referred to these twenty sleep centers for evaluation of OSA between January 2004 and April 2006 were prospectively enrolled. Nocturnal polysomnography was performed in each patient, and disease severity was assessed based on the apneahypopnea index (AHI). These patients were classfied into four groups: nonapneic control (control, n = 257) with AHI < or = 5 episodes/hour; mild sleep apnea (mild, n = 402) with AHI > 5 and < or = 15 episodes/hour; moderate sleep apnea (moderate, n = 460) with AHI > 15 and < or = 30 episodes/hour and severe sleep apnea (severe, n = 1178) with AHI > 30 episodes/hour. Daytime blood pressure measurements were performed under standardized conditions in each patient at 10 a.m. in office on the day of referring to sleep centers for getting average value. All the patients were requested to quit medications related to blood pressure for three days before the day of assessing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both daytime systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly related to AHI positively (r = 0.201 and 0.276, respectively; both P values < 0.001) and to nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation negatively (r = -0.215 and -0.277, respectively; both P values < 0.001), which were the parameters of OSA severity. In two special designed mean plots, means of daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased gradually with increasing AHI. Beyond AHI of 61 - 65, this increasing trend reached a plateau.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results showed that OSA severity was associated with daytime blood pressure until AHI of 61 - 65, providing evidence for early OSA management, especially in OSA patients with concomitant hypertension.</p>

Right ventricular desynchronization in patients with pacemaker syndrome / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the incidence of ventricular desynchronization in patients with or without pacemaker syndrome (PMS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The systolic peak velocity, the acceleration and the time to peak velocity of the interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) lateral wall were detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 14 atrial fibrillation patients without pacemaker implantation (control), 18 atrial fibrillation patients without PMS and 16 atrial fibrillation patients with PMS. All patients were free of valve disease, myocardial infarction, severe pulmonary hypertension, low left ventricular eject fraction (< or = 50%), significant segmental hypokinesis of ventricular wall or complete bundle branch block.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control patients, the systolic peak velocity and the accelerations on lateral walls of the LV and RV reduced significantly in patients with implanted pacemakers (P < 0.05). The intervals to peak velocity of the IVS and LV lateral walls were significantly prolonged [PMS group (80.13 +/- 26.92) ms vs. (25.60 +/- 4.30) ms, P < 0.01; without PMS group (76.22 +/- 23.32) ms vs. (25.60 +/- 4.30) ms, P < 0.01] and the intervals to peak velocity of the IVS and RV lateral walls significantly shortened [PMS group (16.33 +/- 6.85) ms vs. (40.70 +/- 7.60) ms, P < 0.01; without PMS group (21.20 +/- 7.34) ms vs. (40.70 +/- 7.60) ms, P < 0.01]. The systolic peak velocities, the accelerations of the IVS and bilateral walls and the intervals to peak velocity of the IVS and LV lateral wall were similar in patients with and without PMS (P > 0.05), however, the intervals to peak velocity of the IVS and RV lateral wall was significant shorter in patients with PMS compared to that of patients without PMS [(16.33 +/- 6.85) ms vs. (21.20 +/- 7.34) ms, P < 0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RV desynchronization but not LV desynchronization might play an important role in patients with PMS.</p>

Comparison of superficial masseter muscle morphology between adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the differences of the superficial masseter muscle morphology characteristics between adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types. Methods: The subjects consisted of 37 yellow race adults,17 of them with high-angle facial skeletal type and 20 with low-angle. Ultrasound scanning was used to measure the perimeter, area, width, thickness, and length of masseter muscle. All the items were measured under relaxed, maximal clenching and maximal protrusive mandibular position.Results:①In the various mandibular positions, the masseter muscle size of adults with high-angle facial skeletal type was smaller than that of those with low-angle.②Except for the changes of width from the relaxed to maximal clenching position and from the relaxed to maximal protrusive position(P0.05).③Stature and weight influenced the size of the masseter muscle.Conclusion:The masseter muscle size of adult with high-angle facial skeletal type is smaller than that of those with low-angle.