ABSTRACT
Objective Few prospective data are currently available on acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage (AGIH) as a complication in acute kidney injury (AKI).The aim of the present study was to find out clinical characteristics,incidence,etiology,risk factors,and outcome of AGIH in patients with AKI.Methods We performed a prospective study on an inceptione cohprt of 512 patients admitted for AKI in our hospital.Data on clinical risk factors for bleeding,frequency of occurrence of AGIH,in-hospital mortality were collected,and independent predictors of AGIH were identified.Results A total of 53 patients had AGIH as a complication of AKI,and 45 were upper AGIH.Fifteen patients had clinically severe bleeding.Independent baseline predictors of AGIH were severity of illness,cardiac failure,mechanical ventilation,low platelet count,chronic hepatic disease,liever cirrhosis,severe AKI.Inhospital mortality was 52.8％ in patients with AGIH,and 22.2％ in the other patients.AGIH was significantly associated with an increase in hospital mortality.Conclusions AGIH are frequent complications of AKI.In this clinical condition,AGIH is more often due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is associated with a significantly increased risk of death.Both renal and extrarenal risk factors are related to the occurrence of AGIH.
ABSTRACT
Objectve To study the effect of anti-swelling and alleviating pain of Huzhangtongluo liniment. Method Mice with xylol-induced auricular swelling : the mice of each group were administered three times per day for 3 days. The inflammed mice were killed and punched a patch on left and right ear in 8 mm diameter, the weight margin of two patch was the rate of swelling. Mice with formalin-induced podalic swelling:the inflammed mice of each group were administered after 4 hours, by dislocating their cervical vetebra. The mice posterior feet were cut at the same place and weighed, the weight margin of left and right foot was the rate of swelling. Rat with granulation induced by cotton embedded under dermis:the rat of each group were administered and then killed after 6 hours, the granulation tissue of rat was separated, dried in oven at temperature of 70 ℃ and weighed, the data of dry weight was calculated and processed by statistics. The pain threshold of mice stimulated by heat:the pain threshold of administered mice was determined at 30, 60, 90 min. The threshold value was calculated as 60 s if the mice had no action such as licking foot, jumping or lifting foot after 60 s. Result Huzhangtongluo liniment can obviously inhibit auricular swelling induced by xylol and podalic swelling induced by formalin as well as granulation induced by cotton embeded under dermis. The preparations can clearly enhance pain-threshold value of mice in hot-plate method. Conclusion Huzhangtongluo liniment has the action of anti-swelling and alleviating pain.