A novel maneuver for diagnosis and treatment of torsional-vertical down beating positioning nystagmus: anterior canal and apogeotropic posterior canal BPPV / Uma nova manobra para diagnóstico e tratamento de nistagmo vertical para baixo com componente de torção: forma apogeotrópica da VPPB do canal anterior e canal posterior

Abstract Introduction In patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV; a torsional-vertical down beating positioning nystagmus can be elicited in the supine straight head-hanging position test or in the Dix-Hallpike test to either side. This type of nystagmus can be explained by either an anterior canal BPPV or by an apogeotropic variant of the contralateral posterior canal BPPV Until now all the therapeutic maneuvers that have been proposed address only one possibility, and without first performing a clear differential diagnosis between them. Objective To propose a new maneuver for torsional-vertical down beating positioning nystagmus with a clear lateralization that takes into account both possible diagnoses (anterior canal-BPPV and posterior canal-BPPV). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 157 consecutive patients with BPPV. The new maneuver was performed only in those with torsional-vertical down beating positioning nystagmus with clear lateralization. Results Twenty patients (12.7%) were diagnosed with a torsional-vertical down beating positioning nystagmus. The maneuver was performed in 10 (6.35%) patients, in whom the affected side was clearly determined. Seven (4.45%) patients were diagnosed with an anterior canal-BPPV and successfully treated. Two (1.25%) patients were diagnosed with a posterior canal-BPPV and successfully treated with an Epley maneuver after its conversion into a geotropic posterior BPPV. Conclusion This new maneuver was found to be effective in resolving all the cases of torsional-vertical down beating positioning nystagmus-BPPV caused by an anterior canal-BPPV, and in shifting in a controlled way the posterior canal-BPPV cases of the contralateral side into a geotropic-posterior-BPPV successfully treated during the followup visit. Moreover, this new maneuver helped in the differential diagnosis between anterior canal-BPPV and a contralateral posterior canal-BPPV.

Resumo Introdução Em pacientes com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna, VPPB, um nistagmo vertical para baixo com componente de torção pode ser provocado no teste head hanging supino executado na posição reta ou no teste de Dix-Hallpike para qualquer um dos lados. Esse tipo de nistagmo pode ser explicado por uma VPPB do canal anterior ou por uma variante apogeotrópica da VPPB do canal posterior contralateral. Até agora, todas as manobras terapêuticas propostas abordam apenas uma possibilidade, sem antes fazer um diagnóstico diferencial claro entre elas. Objetivo Propor uma nova manobra para nistagmo vertical para baixo com componente de torção com uma lateralização clara que leve em consideração os dois diagnósticos possíveis, VPPB do canal anterior e VPPB do canal posterior. Método Um estudo de coorte prospectivo foi conduzido em 157 pacientes consecutivos com VPPB. A nova manobra foi feita apenas nos pacientes com nistagmo vertical para baixo com componente de torção, com lateralização nítida. Resultados Vinte pacientes (12,7%) foram diagnosticados com nistagmo vertical para baixo com componente de torção. A manobra foi feita em 10 (6,35%) pacientes, nos quais o lado afetado foi claramente determinado. Sete (4,45%) pacientes foram diagnosticados com VPPB do canal anterior e tratados com sucesso. Dois (1,25%) pacientes foram diagnosticados com VPPB do canal posterior e tratados com sucesso com a manobra de Epley após sua conversão para VPPB geotrópica de canal posterior. Conclusão Essa nova manobra mostrou-se eficaz na resolução de todos os casos de VPPB com nistagmo vertical para baixo com componente de torção causada por VPPB do canal anterior. E na mudança de forma controlada dos casos de VPPB do canal posterior do lado contralateral para uma VPPB geotrópica de canal posterior tratada com sucesso durante a consulta de seguimento. Além disso, essa nova manobra auxiliou no diagnóstico diferencial entre a VPPB do canal anterior e a VPPB do canal posterior contralateral.

Lacrimal Diversion Devices (Sinopsys Lacrimal Stent): Sharing our Experience with Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Polyposis

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent pathology in our society. Due to the prevalence of this condition and to the persisting symptoms despite an appropriate medical treatment, surgical techniques are often required. Lately, minimal invasive techniques have been described, such as lacrimal diversion devices (LDDs). This technique offers a fast and convenient choice for delivery of sinus irrigation and topical medication. Objective: We aimed to describe our experience with LDDs and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the procedure in patients with moderate to severe CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and persistent symptomatology despite medical therapy. Methods: A total of 7 patients underwent bilateral lacrimal stents placement in the operating room. A retrospective observational study was conducted. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) survey was performed and the score obtained was compared before and 1 month after the procedure. Results: The LDDs were used for an average of 80 days. During the follow-up, only three patients had a mild complication with the device (granuloma in the punctum, obstruction, and early extrusion). The mean baseline SNOT-20 score dropped significantly ( p = 0.015) from 25.85 to 11.57 (mean: - 14.29) 1 month after the procedure. Conclusion: According to our experience and results, the use of LDD is a novel, feasible, and less invasive technique to treat refractory CRS. It reduces the risk of mucosal stripping, provides short-term outcomes, and the surgical procedure does not require advanced training in endoscopic sinus surgery. Moreover, it can be performed in-office under local anesthesia or sedation (AU)

Rutas de transporte público y situación de la tuberculosis en Lima, Perú / Routes of public transport and the situation of tuberculosis in Lima, Peru

Con el objetivo de determinar la asociación entre el número de rutas formales de transporte público urbano y la situación de la tuberculosis (TB) en cada distrito de Lima, se realizó un análisis correlacional y un modelo de regresión lineal entre ambas variables. Asimismo, se determinó el número de rutas de transporte público de mayor probabilidad de transmisión de TB, las zonas de mayor circulación de dichas rutas y un mapeo de estas. Existe una correlación positiva entre el número de rutas formales que recorren cada distrito de Lima y la situación de TB; un porcentaje de la situación de TB podría ser explicada por el número de rutas de transporte público. De las 404 rutas formales que recorren Lima Metropolitana, 147 (36,4%) son rutas de mayor probabilidad de transmisión de TB. El transporte público debería ser considerado en la lucha actual contra la TB.

In order to determine the association between the number of formal urban public transport routes and the situation of tuberculosis (TB) in each district of Lima, a correlational analysis and linear regression model between the two variables was performed. Also determined were the number of public transport routes most likely to transmit TB, the areas of greatest activity of these routes and a mapping of these routes. There is a positive correlation between the number of formal routes through each district of Lima and the situation of tuberculosis; a percentage of the TB situation could be explained by the number of public transport routes. Of the 404 formal routes that run through Lima, 147 (36.4%) are routes of greater probability of transmission of TB. Public transport should be considered in the ongoing fight against TB.

Diagnóstico incidental de un quiste mesentérico / Incidental diagnosis of a mesenteric cyst

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años de edad, sin síntomas específicos ni antecedentes patológicos importantes, con un diagnóstico por imágenes de dos quistes ováricos. Durante la laparotomía se encontró que un supuesto quiste de ovario resultó ser un quiste del mesenterio. Ambos quistes fueron extirpados.

This is a case of a 23 year-old female patient, with no specific symptoms and without a relevant pathological record, with a CT scan diagnosis of two ovarian cysts. Under laparotomy, it was found a mesenteric cyst misdiagnosed as an ovarian cyst. Both cysts were excised.

Variante ampollar de síndrome de Sweet: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bullous Variant of Sweet's syndrome: case report and literature review

El síndrome de Sweet, también llamado dermatosis neutrofílica febril aguda es una enfermedad sistémica de etiología desconocida, poco frecuente en la población general y raramente diagnosticada en la infancia. Se caracterizada por presentar pápulas y/o nódulos eritematovioláceos que coalescen formando placas dolorosas, fiebre y leucocitosis con neutrofilia, y la presencia de un denso infiltrado dérmico neutrofílico en la histopatología cutánea. Presentamos el caso inusual de un adolescente de 13 años de edad que presentó una variante ampollar del síndrome de Sweet.

Sweet’s syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology, very infrequent in general population and rarely diagnosed in childhood. It is characterized by the presence of papules and/or nodules that coalesce to form painful erythematous and violaceous plaques, fever, neutrophilic leucocytosis and a massive neutrophilic dermal infiltrate on skin histopathology. We present the unusual case of a 13 years old adolescent who presented a bullous variant of Sweet syndrome.