Vaccination principles for dogs and cats in animal shelters / Princípios da vacinação de cães e gatos em abrigos

Animal shelters are places with a high risk of exposure to infectious diseases due to the high density, population dynamics of the shelter, and the stress to which dogs and cats are subjected. The immunization process through vaccines is an essential component in the prevention and health and welfare management program for these animals. This review aims to evaluate the guidelines on vaccination of dogs and cats in shelter environments, highlighting points of comparison with the Brazilian reality.(AU)

Os abrigos de animais são locais com um alto risco de exposição às doenças infecciosas devido à alta densidade, à dinâmica populacional do abrigo e ao estresse a que os cães e gatos estão submetidos. O processo de imunização por meio das vacinas é um componente essencial no programa de prevenção e gestão de saúde e bem-estar para esses animais. Esta revisão tem como objetivo revisar as diretrizes sobre a vacinação de cães e gatos em ambientes de abrigos, ressaltando pontos de comparação com a realidade brasileira.(AU)

Analysis of reported animal abuse in Campo Magro, Paraná, Brazil / Análise de denúncias de maus-tratos aos animais no município de Campo Magro, Paraná

Animal abuse is a criminal offense in Brazil and can be dealt with by several government agencies, including municipal ones. Cases of animal abuse reported to the Department of Health Surveillance, of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Campo Magro, Paraná, Brazil, between March of 2019 and December of 2020 were analyzed to assess the most common forms of abuse and animals involved. A total of 140 complaints were received in this period; 132 were investigated, of which 81 were considered authentic. The most common form of abuse was neglect 64.2% (52/81). Cases of neglect were further classified into four types (although cases may be classified with more than one type), resulting in 106 classifications of neglect. Behavioral neglect was the most common form of neglect 33.9% (36/106). As more than one animal could be involved in each report, the 81 authentic cases involved a total of 471 animals. Dogs were the species most commonly affected 78.5% (370/471). The vast majority of animal abuse was perpetrated against adult animals. Statistically significant correlations were found between the sex and age of dogs and abuse and between species and the different forms of abuse for dogs and cats.(AU)

Os maus-tratos aos animais são considerados crime no Brasil e o atendimento desse tipo de ocorrência pode ser realizado por diferentes órgãos governamentais, incluindo os municipais. O presente trabalho analisa denúncias atendidas pelo Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campo Magro, Paraná, Brasil, entre março de 2019 e dezembro de 2020 e avalia os tipos mais comuns de maus-tratos a animais e os animais envolvidos. Um total de 140 denúncias foram recebidas e 132 foram fiscalizadas, destas, 81 foram consideradas procedentes. A forma mais prevalente de maus-tratos foi a negligência com 64,2% (52/81). Os casos de negligência foram classificados em quatro diferentes tipos (cada caso pode ser classificado em mais de um tipo de negligência). O tipo mais frequente foi a negligência comportamental com 33,9% (36/106). Como mais de um animal podia estar envolvido em cada caso de maus-tratos, os 81 casos procedentes contabilizaram 471 animais envolvidos. A espécie canina foi a mais afetada, sendo 78,5% (370/471). A maior parte dos casos de maus-tratos foram cometidos contra animais adultos. Correlações estatísticas significativas foram encontradas entre o sexo e faixa etária dos cães em relação à ocorrência de maus-tratos e, também, entre a espécie e os diferentes tipos de maus-tratos para cães e gatos.(AU)

Sobrevida de un paciente adulto mayor con cáncer de pulmón, tratado con quimioterapia de primera línea

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón está afectando cada vez más a la población de adultos mayores, a medida que la expectativa de vida aumenta. Sin embargo, es difícil establecer la eficacia de la quimioterapia y el pronóstico de estos pacientes es grave. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de paciente adulto mayor con cáncer de pulmón avanzado de células no pequeñas, con una prolongada sobrevida que recibió solamente quimioterapia de primera línea. Caso clínico: Paciente no fumador, de 71 años, diagnosticado con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas avanzado, del subtipo adenocarcinoma, con compromiso pleural. Inició tratamiento con carboplatino 5 AUC y gemcitabina 1,1 g. En el noveno ciclo, se encontró reducción de los nódulos pulmonares, pero también metástasis en el nivel D6-D7. Inició la segunda línea de tratamiento con carboplatino 5,4 AUC, paclitaxel 200 mg y ácido zolendrónico en dosis de 4,0 mg. Debido a eventos adversos, el tratamiento fue cambiado a vinorelbina 2,5 g y ácido zolendrónico 4,0 mg. Tras dos ciclos, el paciente fallece, alcanzando 21 meses de sobrevida global, solo con quimioterapia. Conclusión: El tratamiento del paciente adulto mayor con cáncer de pulmón es complejo. En el presente esquema de quimioterapia, el paciente pudo alcanzar 21 meses de sobrevida global, a pesar de que no fue caracterizado molecularmente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung cancer is taking an increasing toll on the older population as life expectancy increases. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is difficult to establish and the prognosis of these patients is severe. Objective: Report a case of an older adult patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with prolonged survival who received only first-line chemotherapy. Case report: A 71-year-old non-smoker patient diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma subtype, with pleural involvement. He started treatment with carboplatin 5 AUC and gemcitabine 1,1 g. In the ninth cycle, reduction of pulmonary nodules was found, but he also had metastases at the D6-D7 level. He started the second line of treatment with carboplatin 5,4 AUC, paclitaxel 200 mg and zolendronic acid at a dose of 4,0 mg. Due to adverse events, the treatment was changed to vinorelbine 2,5 g and zolendronic acid 4.0 mg. After two cycles, the patient died, reaching 21 months of overall survival, only with chemotherapy. Conclusion: The treatment of the older adult patient with lung cancer is challenging. In the present chemotherapy treatment, the patient was able to achieve 21 months of overall survival, despite the fact that he was not molecularly characterized.

Dog and cat population dynamics in an urban area: evaluation of a birth control strategy / Dinâmica populacional canina e felina em área urbana: avaliação da estratégia de controle reprodutivo

For canine and feline population management in an urban area, a set of well-developed strategies is required to prevent overpopulation, the abandonment of animals, and zoonosis. An understanding of the dynamics of these populations and a characterization of these populations are necessary for action planning. The proposed strategies should be monitored and evaluated so that canine and feline population management programs are properly implemented. Population management programs can be improved through evidence based adaptive management. The objective of this study was to characterize the canine and feline populations and their dynamics in an urban area and to evaluate the impact of a birth control program. Three cross-sectional census surveys and a birth control program were conducted in a neighborhood of São Paulo area with 4,275 households. The two first surveys were performed in 2005 and 2006, prior to implementation of the birth control program, and were used to characterize the canine and feline populations. The third survey was performed in 2008, eighteen months after the birth control strategy had been established. The canine population decreased from 2006 to 2008, after birth control. The mean age for the canine population was 3.36 years; 65% of the dogs were younger than 3 years of age. The mean life expectancy at birth was 3.9 years for male dogs and 5.9 years for female dogs. The mean age for the feline population was 1.66 years; 74% of the cats were 1 year of age or less. The canine and feline populations had a high mortality rate for juveniles younger than 1 year of age. There was an 8% and an 18% decrease in canine and feline birth rates, respectively, after spay or neuter intervention. There was a high animal population turnover, which was more pronounced in the feline population.(AU)

Para o manejo populacional canino e felino em área urbana, um conjunto de estratégias é necessário para evitar a superpopulação, o abandono animal e a transmissão de zoonoses. O entendimento da dinâmica e a caracterização dessas populações são fundamentais para o planejamento das ações, monitoramento e avaliação do programa de manejo populacional e de suas estratégias. Programas de manejo populacional podem ser melhorados por meio de uma gestão adaptativa baseada em evidências. Para avaliar o impacto do controle reprodutivo de cães e gatos foram feitos três estudos transversais por meio de censos em uma área de São Paulo com 4.275 famílias. Os dois primeiros censos foram realizados em 2005 e 2006, antes do controle reprodutivo, e usado para caracterizar as populações canina e felina. O terceiro censo foi realizada em 2008, 18 meses após a estratégia de controle reprodutivo ter iniciado. A população canina diminuiu de 2006 a 2008, após o controle reprodutivo. A idade média para a população canina foi 3,36 anos. A expectativa de vida média ao nascer foi de 3,9 anos para os cães machos e 5,9 anos para as fêmeas. A idade média da população felina foi de 1,66 anos. 65% dos cães eram menores de 3 anos de idade e 74% dos gatos tinham 1 ano de idade ou menos. As populações canina e felina tiveram alta taxa de mortalidade de animais jovens. Houve uma diminuição de 8% e 18% nas taxas de natalidade canina e felina, respectivamente, após a intervenção do controle reprodutivo. Houve uma elevada renovação da população animal, mais pronunciada para a população felina.(AU)

Molecular diversity of human parvovirus B19 during two outbreaks of erythema infectiosum in Brazil

Abstract This study was conducted to provide information on the genetic diversity of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) circulating in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil during 1996-2006, a period with two distinct outbreaks of B19V infection: 1999-2000 and 2004-2005. A total of 27 sera from patients with erythema infectiosum and five sera from HIV-infected patients that tested positive for B19V DNA during the study period were analyzed. To genotype B19V strains, a semi-nested PCR for partial amplification of the capsid gene was performed and sequence analysis revealed that 31 sequences belonged to subgenotype 1a (G1a) of the main genotype 1 and one sequence was characterized as subgenotype 3b (G3b). The phylogenetic tree supported the division of the G1a into two well-defined clades with 1.3% of divergence. The low diversity of the G1a strains may be explained by the fact that all patients had acute B19V infection and 30/32 sera were collected during two distinct outbreaks. The G3b strain was from an HIV-infected patient who seroconverted to anti-B19 IgG antibodies in September/2005. This is the first report of G3b in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Indicators to assess goat welfare on-farm in the semiarid region of Brazilian Northeast / Indicadores para avaliar o bem-estar de cabras em fazendas na região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro

ABSTRACT: In 2015, AWIN Goat Protocol was published in Europe, with indicators that identify welfare level of lactating dairy goats; however, there are no welfare protocols for meat goat. Therefore, the objective of this study was to select animal and resource-based indicators to assess welfare in meat goat in different types of grazing systems in Brazilian semiarid Northeast. Eighteen indicators were selected to evaluate the welfare of meat goat. The knowledge of the welfare degree of these animals is the best way to make improvements and promote a better quality of life to meat goat.

RESUMO: Em 2015, o Protocolo AWIN para cabras foi publicado na Europa, com indicadores que identificam o nível de bem-estar das cabras leiteiras em lactação, no entanto não existem protocolos de bem-estar para cabras de corte. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar indicadores baseados nos animais e recursos para avaliar o bem-estar em cabras de corte em diferentes tipos de sistemas de pastejo no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. Dezoito indicadores foram selecionados para avaliar o bem-estar de cabras. O conhecimento do grau de bem-estar destes animais é o melhor caminho de realizar melhorias e promover uma melhor qualidade de vida para cabras de corte.

Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected with B19V and hepatitis A virus: no evidence of the co-infection as a cause of acute liver failure

This study was conducted to analyse the course and the outcome of the liver disease in the co-infected animals in order to evaluate a possible synergic effect of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) co-infection. Nine adult cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with serum obtained from a fatal case of B19V infection and/or a faecal suspension of acute HAV. The presence of specific antibodies to HAV and B19V, liver enzyme levels, viraemia, haematological changes, and necroinflammatory liver lesions were used for monitoring the infections. Seroconversion was confirmed in all infected groups. A similar pattern of B19V infection to human disease was observed, which was characterised by high and persistent viraemia in association with reticulocytopenia and mild to moderate anaemia during the period of investigation (59 days). Additionally, the intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in pro-erythroblast cell from an infected cynomolgus and B19V Ag in hepatocytes. The erythroid hypoplasia and decrease in lymphocyte counts were more evident in the co-infected group. The present results demonstrated, for the first time, the susceptibility of cynomolgus to B19V infection, but it did not show a worsening of liver histopathology in the co-infected group.

Responsible pet ownership perception in elementary schools after an educational program in Southern Brazil / Percepção dos alunos de ensino fundamental sobre guarda responsável de animais após um programa de educação no sul do Brasil

The impact of responsible ownership programs with the goal of promoting public health remains to be fully established in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the responsible pet ownership perception of public elementary school students and teachers after a four-year outreach educational program in the city of Pinhais, Southern Brazil. Questionnaires were distributed for self-answer by fourth-grade students and teachers of all city public elementary schools. A total of 1,022/1,332 students (76.7%) referred participated in the program. No significant differences were observed between participating and non-participating groups regarding the concepts of responsible ownership (p = 0.88), zoonoses (p = 0.09) and animal welfare (p = 0.94). However, the frequency of correct answers on responsible ownership and zoonoses concepts was significantly higher (p 0.01) among student groups who participated 1 or 2 times (779/830; 93.8% and 506/813; 62.2%, respectively) in relation to the groups that participated > 2 times (144/165; 87.3% and 64/151; 42.4%, respectively). It was also significantly higher (p 0.01) between 10 years group (991/1058, 93.7%) compared to group >10 years (158/180; 87.8%) in the first concept. Although most teachers approved the continuing program (128/137; 93.4%), they reported low rates on training participation (41/137; 29.9%) and use of available teaching materials (78/137; 26.9%). The study has shown that perception of responsible pet ownership in outreach education programs may be more easily absorbed by children under ten years of age and up to two participations...

O impacto de programas de guarda responsável que objetivam promover a saúde pública precisa ser plenamente estabelecido no Brasil. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção sobre guarda responsável de animais de estudantes do ensino fundamental e professores após um programa com quatro anos de duração na cidade de Pinhais. Questionários foram distribuídos para alunos da quarta série e professores de todas as escolas públicas de ensino fundamental da cidade. No total, 1022/1332 estudantes (76,7%) participaram do programa. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos que participaram e não participaram, em relação aos conceitos de guarda responsável (p = 0,88), zoonoses (p = 0,09) e bem-estar animal (p = 0,94). Entretanto, a frequência de acertos dos conceitos de guarda responsável e zoonoses foi significativamente maior (p 0,01) entre os estudantes do grupo que participou 1 ou 2 vezes (779/830; 93,8% e 506/813; 62,2%, respectivamente) com relação ao grupo que participou > 2 vezes (144/165; 87,3% e 64/151; 42,4%, respectivamente). E também foi significativamente maior (p 0,01) entre o grupo 10 anos (991/1058; 93.7%) com relação ao grupo > 10 anos (158/180; 87,8%) no primeiro conceito. Apesar da maioria dos professores aprovarem a continuidade do programa (128/137; 93,4%), eles reportaram baixas taxas de participação no treinamento (41/137; 29,9%) e utilização dos materiais didáticos disponíveis (78/137; 26,9%). O estudo mostrou que a percepção sobre guarda responsável de animais em programas de educação continuada pode ser mais facilmente absorvida por crianças de até 10 anos de idade e com até duas participações...

Demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil / Características demográficas de cães e gatos domiciliados em Votorantim, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A two-stage cluster sample design was used to estimate population parameters of dogs and cats of the urban area of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil, to support the planning and implementation of population management programs for companion animals. For dogs, the total and density estimates were 27,241 dogs (95% confidence interval [CI]=23,903-30,578) and 951 dogs km-2 (95% CI=835-1,068), respectively. For cats, these estimates were 5,579 cats (95% CI=3,595-7,562) and 195 cats km-2 (95% CI=126-264). Cost was the most prevalent reason for not sterilizing the animals (33%, 95% CI=23%-44%, Deff=6.1). The percentage of interviewees that expressed reasons for abandoning their animals was equal to 9 (95% CI=5-13, Deff=2.1). Other estimates were obtained, including indirect estimates of abandonment. The estimates associated with abandonment suggest that the prevalence of this phenomenon can significantly affect population dynamics. Distribution of dogs per household can be used to construct hypothetical populations and to validate estimation procedures. The estimates generated allow parameterizing mathematical models and constructing population management indicators.

Um desenho amostral por conglomerados em dois estágios foi usado para estimar parâmetros populacionais de cães e gatos da área urbana de Votorantim, São Paulo, Brasil, visando dar suporte ao planejamento e implementação de programas de manejo populacional de animais de companhia. Para os cães, as estimativas do total e da densidade foram 27,241 cães (95% intervalo de confiança [CI]=23,903-30,578) e 951 cães km-2 (95% CI=835-1,068), respectivamente. Para os gatos, essas estimativas foram 5,579 gatos (95% CI=3,595-7,562) e 195 gatos km-2 (95% CI=126-264). O custo foi a razão mais prevalente para não esterilizar os animais (33%, 95% CI=23%-44%, Deff=6.1). A porcentagem de entrevistados que relatou razões para abandonar seus animais foi igual a nove (95% CI=5-13, Deff=2.1). Outras estimativas foram obtidas, incluindo estimativas indiretas de abandono. As estimativas associadas ao abandono sugerem que a prevalência desse fenômeno pode afetar significativamente a dinâmica populacional. A distribuição de cães por domicílio pode ser usada para construir populações hipotéticas e validar procedimentos de estimação. As estimativas geradas permitem a parametrização de modelos matemáticos e a construção de indicadores de manejo populacional.

Clinical features and laboratory findings of human parvovirus B19 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Immunocompromised patients may develop severe chronic anaemia when infected by human parvovirus B19 (B19V). However, this is not the case in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with good adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). In this study, we investigated the clinical evolution of five HIV-infected patients receiving HAART who had B19V infections confirmed by serum polymerase chain reaction. Four of the patients were infected with genotype 1a strains and the remaining patient was infected with a genotype 3b strain. Anaemia was detected in three of the patients, but all patients recovered without requiring immunoglobulin and/or blood transfusions. In all cases, the attending physicians did not suspect the B19V infections. There was no apparent relationship between the infecting genotype and the clinical course. In the HAART era, B19V infections in HIV-positive patients may be limited, subtle or unapparent.

Use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs before assistance in a children's first aid unit / O uso de fármacos analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios prévio ao atendimento em pronto socorro infantil

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Drug administration to children is a widely spread practice, however it may lead to several health problems, because in addition to medical guidance it requires attention of parents and caregivers. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence of drug administration in children by their tutors, before medical assistance. METHODS: This is a quantitative descriptive research involving adults who were escorting children, before medical assistance in a Children's First Aid Unit of a medium-sized city of the Vale do Paraíba Paulista in the months of June, July and August 2011, being data recorded by means of a specific form. RESULTS: Participated in the study 105 adults responsible for the children who reported that 71.42% of children were medicated before medical assistance and only 28.58% have not adopted such practice. Most frequent symptom was fever, present in 40% of participants, and drugs used were paracetamol and dipirone. CONCLUSION: Our results allow concluding that there has been a high rate of drug administration to children before medical assistance, with predominance of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, which may be noxious to health. It is clear the need for the adoption of measures which favor the access to health services, in addition to the awareness about the risk of administering drugs without medical prescription. .

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A administração de fármacos na criança é uma prática amplamente difundida, porém pode levar a inúmeros prejuízos à saúde, pois além da orientação médica, exige atenção dos pais e cuidadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência da administração de fármacos na criança, por seus responsáveis, previamente ao atendimento médico. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, envolvendo adultos que acompanhavam as crianças antes do atendimento médico em um Pronto Socorro Infantil de um município de médio porte do Vale do Paraíba Paulista, nos meses de junho, julho e agosto de 2011, sendo os dados registrados por meio de um formulário específico. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 105 adultos responsáveis pelas crianças que relataram que 71,42% das crianças foram medicadas previamente ao atendimento médico e apenas 28,58% não adotaram essa prática. O principal sintoma citado foi febre, presente em 40% dos participantes, e os fármacos mais utilizados foram o paracetamol e a dipirona. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que houve um alto índice de administração de fármacos nas crianças previamente ao atendimento médico, com predomínio dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, fármacos esses que podem causar lesões à saúde. Evidencia-se a necessidade de adoção de medidas que favoreçam o acesso aos serviços de saúde, além da conscientização sobre os riscos da administração de fármacos sem a devida prescrição médica. .

Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil

This retrospective study (April-September 2003) was designed to investigate the roles of the main viruses responsible for cases of acute infantile gastroenteritis in hospitalised children up to two years of age. The viruses were identified in 64.7% (88/136) of the cases and the detection rates of rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) and astrovirus were 41.9% (57/136), 30.3% (24/79) and 12.7% (7/55), respectively. RVA and NoV were detected in 20 of the 24 reported nosocomial infection cases. This study identified the first circulation of the genotype NoV GII.21 in Brazil and highlights the need to establish differential diagnoses through active laboratorial surveillance.

Parvovirus B19 seroconversion in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Erythrovirus B19 (B19V) infection may cause red cell aplasia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the immune function of these patients by modifying the course of B19V infection. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of B19 seroconversion in a cohort of HIV-infected patients and evaluate the occurrence of B19V-related anaemia during the seroconversion period. Adult HIV-infected patients were studied at a public hospital in Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. IgG and IgM antibodies against B19V were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and B19 viraemia was assayed by polymerase chain reaction. Medical records were reviewed for any clinical evaluation of anaemia. Seroconversion was detected in 31.8% of the 88 individuals who began the study as anti-B19V IgG-negative. No clinical manifestations of B19V infection were detected during the period of seroconversion. Patients who seroconverted were 5.40 times more likely to have anaemia than those who did not [odds ratio 5.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.33-22.93)]. Anaemia was detected in eight patients. All patients recovered from anaemia by either beginning or continuing HAART, without requiring blood transfusions. In the HAART era, B19V infection may only be associated with a course of disease characterised by less severe chronic anaemia. This milder course of B19V-associated disease is likely due to the increased immune function of HAART-treated patients.

Leite fermentado caprino sabor umbu: elaboração e aceitabilidade / Fermented umbu-flavored goat milk: elaboration and acceptance

Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um leite caprino fermentado adicionado de doce de umbu, e sua aceitabilidade foi avaliada para pesquisar alternativas tecnológicas de aproveitamento do leite caprino e do umbu. As etapas da elaboração consistiram em medição do leite, adição de leite em pó e amido modificado, tratamento térmico, resfriamento, inoculação da cultura “starter”, fermentação, resfriamento, quebra da coalhada e adição do doce de umbu. Foram elaborados três produtos diferentes nos teores do doce de umbu: Amostra A, 25%; Amostra B, 27%; e Amostra C, 30%. Realizou-se o teste sensorial com potenciais consumidores, servindo-se amostras aleatoriamente, de forma monádica, com o mesmo número de vezes na mesma ordem de apresentação. Os atributos obtiveram boas notas, correspondendo na escola hedônica a “gostei ligeiramente” e “gostei moderadamente”, cujas avaliações não diferiram significativamente entre as amostras. A variação de 2,5% no teor de doce de umbu não afetou as propriedades sensoriais das amostras. Os leites fermentados de cabra mostraram estar em conformidade com a legislação brasileira para produto elaborado com leite de vaca, e, portanto, esses produtos constituem boas opções para a indústria de laticínios. Contudo, estudos adicionais são necessários para obter produtos com melhores características sensoriais.

Aspectos metodológicos y prácticos en la formación de los aspirantes a Doctores en Ciencias Médicas: resultados preliminares / Methodological and practical features included in training of candidates to Medical Sciences Doctors: preliminary results

OBJETIVOS: mostrar los resultados de un proyecto dirigido a la formación acelerada de Doctores en Ciencias Médicas, con temas que den respuestas a problemas priorizados en el campo de la salud. MÉTODOS: se aplicó una estrategia organizativa y metodológica diferente, se partió de la integración de un claustro de profesores de varias entidades del territorio, que como primer paso hicieron un diagnóstico individual del aspirante para lograr una asesoría individual y a la vez se definió un programa de formación general, donde se impartieron materias fundamentales en el proceso del desarrollo del doctorado. RESULTADOS: el grupo de edad que predominó fue el comprendido entre 30 y 41 años (46 por ciento), se incrementó el número de máster de 5 a 14 profesionales, 10 obtuvieron categoría docente y siete la mejoraron. El número de proyectos ramales aumentó de 4 a 14, antes de la intervención 18 aspirantes tenían aprobado su tema en el Consejo Científico Provincial, actualmente ascienden a 39, con un incremento de 21 temas. El total de aspirantes con mínimos aprobados al inicio de la intervención eran seis, hoy 28 tienen un mínimo aprobado y 22 poseen dos mínimos vencidos. Al inicio del diplomado, el diseño de la investigación lo tenían cinco aspirantes, después de la intervención lo tienen 37, de igual forma solo dos tenían elaborado la introducción y el primer capítulo, ahora son 16 los que ya lograron este paso. CONCLUSIONES: la metodología empleada ha dado resultados satisfactorios en el proceso de formación de doctores en ciencias en el sector de la salud

OBJECTIVES: to assess the results from a project aimed to accelerate the training of Medical Sciences Doctors using matters answering to prioritized problems in health field, and to show preliminary results achieved with a diploma designed for Sciences Doctors candidates. METHODS: it is based on a different organizing and methodological strategy from the involvement of a staff of different national entities, making first an individual diagnosis of candidate to obtain an individual advice and at the same time, to define a general training program where in the doctorate development process basic subject matters were given. RESULTS: the predominating age group was that between 30 and 41 years (46 percent), figure of professional-master increased from 5 to 14, 10 of them reached the teaching category, and 7 improved it, the figure of branch projects increases to 14, prior to intervention 18 candidates had approved their subject matter in Provincial Scientific Council, nowadays are 39 in total with an increase of 21 subject matter. At beginning of intervention the minimum of approved matters was of 6, today 28 have a minimum of approved matters of 28, and 22 a minimum of subject matter finished. When research was designed the total of candidates was of 5, after intervention it is of 37, in the same way, only two had made the introduction and the first chapter, now are 16 who achieved this step. CONCLUSIONS: methodology used has yields satisfactory results in training process of Health Sciences Doctors

Programa de controle de populações de cães e gatos do Estado de São Paulo / Population control programm of dogs and cats from São Paulo State

O convívio do ser humano com cães e gatos, um fenômeno de caráter global, remonta a milênios e configura-se como um dos mais estreitos e intensos vínculos entre espécies. A intensidade dessa relação repercute de forma importante sobre a saúde das pessoas e dos animais, impactando decisivamente o meio ambiente. Históricamente, o controle das zoonoses nasce no cerne da "revolução pasteuriana", quando a vacina contra a raiva é desenvolvida - abrindo novas perspectivas para a saúde pública. O avanço constante da investigação científica e o desenvolvimento das tecnologias na área da biociência, aliados ao surgimento de novos paradigmas de saúde e bem-estar social, permitiram à humanidade implementar mecanismos mais eficientes de controle de agravos. No entanto, mesmo estes devem ser periodicamente reavaliados. Esta nova visão...