ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The olfactomedin-like domain (OLFML) is present in at least four families of proteins, including OLFML2A and OLFML2B, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. However, no expression of their orthologous has ever been reported in human and baboon. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of OLFML2A and OLFML2B in ocular tissues of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and humans, as a key to elucidate OLFML function in eye physiology. METHODS: OLFML2A and OLFML2B cDNA detection in ocular tissues of these species was performed by RT-PCR. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced, phylogenetically analyzed and their proteins products were confirmed by immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS: OLFML2A and OLFML2B transcripts were found in human cornea, lens and retina and in baboon cornea, lens, iris and retina. The baboon OLFML2A and OLFML2B ORF sequences have 96% similarity with their human's orthologous. OLFML2A and OLFML2B evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis shows clear orthology in OLFML2A genes, while OLFML2B orthology is not clear. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of OLFML2A and OLFML2B in human and baboon ocular tissues, including their high similarity, make the baboon a powerful model to deduce the physiological and/or metabolic function of these proteins in the eye.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism , Eye/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Papio , Reference Values , Glycoproteins/analysis , Glycoproteins/genetics , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/analysis , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods , Evolution, Molecular , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, Protein , Reverse Transcription , Eye/chemistry , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Membrane Proteins/analysis , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Ocular Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chemerin, encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene is an adipocytesecreted protein with autocrine/paracrine functions in adipose tissue, metabolism and inflammation with a recently described function in vascular tone regulation, liver, steatosis, etc. This molecule is believed to represent a critical endocrine signal linking obesity to diabetes. There are no data available regarding evolution of RARRES2 in non-human primates and great apes. Expression profile and orthology in RARRES2 genes are unknown aspects in the biology of this multigene family in primates. Thus; we attempt to describe expression profile and phylogenetic relationship as complementary knowledge in the function of this gene in primates. To do that, we performed A RT-PCR from different tissues obtained during necropsies. Also we tested the hypotheses of positive evolution, purifying selection, and neutrality. And finally a phylogenetic analysis was made between primates RARRES2 protein. RESULTS: RARRES2 transcripts were present in liver, lung, adipose tissue, ovary, pancreas, heart, hypothalamus and pituitary tissues. Expression in kidney and leukocytes were not detectable in either species. It was determined that the studied genes are orthologous. CONCLUSIONS: RARRES2 evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Expression profiles of the RARRES2 gene are similar in baboons and chimpanzees and are also phylogenetically related.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Papio/genetics , Pan troglodytes/genetics , Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Phylogeny , Molecular Sequence Data , Base Sequence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pure mucinous adenocarcinoma of the breast is a rare entity characterized by the production of variable amounts of mucin comprising 1% to 6% of breast carcinomas. Some mucinous adenocarcinomas have shown expression of intestinal differentiation markers such as MUC-2. This study examines the expression of intestinal differentiation markers in this type of breast carcinoma. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases of pure mucinous adenocarcinoma of the breast were assessed. Immunochemistry was performed for beta-catenin, CDX-2 and MUC-2. All cases were positive for B-catenin. MUC-2 positivity was observed in all cases; 63. 6% were 3 plus positive. All cases were negative for CDX-2. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that mucinous breast carcinomas express some markers of intestinal differentiation, such as MUC-2 and beta-catenin; however, future studies with a larger series of cases and using molecular techniques that help affirm these results are needed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/chemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Trans-Activators , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/chemistry , Homeodomain Proteins/analysis , beta Catenin/analysis , Mucin-2/analysis , Intestinal Mucosa/chemistry , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Antigens, Differentiation/analysis , Retrospective Studies , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology , CDX2 Transcription FactorABSTRACT
Los carcinosarcomas renales son tumores bifásicos raros (1.5 por ciento) compuestos por áreas epitelioides y fusocelulares sarcomatosas. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye lesiones primarias y metastásicas en el riñón. En este artículo se informan los hallazgos histopatológicos de inmunohistoquímica y ultraestructura, así como los criterios de diagnóstico descritos en la bibliografía
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Carcinosarcoma/diagnosis , Carcinosarcoma/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Paciente femenina de 20 años de edad con síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendú (telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria) en trabajo de parto. Se presenta el manejo anestésico y preparación preoperatoria y se discuten los problemas específicos de este síndrome asociado al embarazo
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular , Analgesia, Obstetrical , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Heart Failure , Telangiectasia, Hereditary HemorrhagicABSTRACT
El condrosarcoma primario de la vejiga es una enfermedad extremadamente rara, con sólo tres casos descubiertos por los autores de la literatura mundial. Se describe el cuarto caso, diagnosticado en un varón de 56 años de edad
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Chondrosarcoma/diagnosis , Chondrosarcoma/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer el valor de la citología para el diagnóstico de los tumores del sistema nervioso central durante la cirugía. Se revisaron cien especímenes transoperatorios con diagnóstico de tumor de sistema nervioso central mediante citología por impronta. Noventa fueron positivos para neoplasía. La sensibilidad fué del 97.8 por ciento y la especificidad del 71.4 por ciento. Cuatro por ciento de los casos fueron falsos positivos y dos por ciento falsos negativos. Las citología por impronta es de gran ayuda en el diagnóstico rápido transoperatorio de los tumores del sistema nervioso central