ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de proteína e aminoácidos, mantendo-se as relações entre os aminoácidos para suínos machos, castrados, de30kg a 50kg. Foram utilizados 50 suínos machos, castrados, com peso inicial de 30,35±1,96kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições com dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de lisina digestível, mantendo-se a relação com os demais aminoácidos digestíveis: 0,73%; 0,83%; 0,93%; 1,03% e 1,13% na dieta. Avaliou-se desempenho, avaliação de carcaça, parâmetros sanguíneos e digestibilidade das dietas. Houve efeito quadrático para ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e níveis de creatinina em função dos níveis de lisina, com níveis ótimos estimados em 0,92%, 0,93% e 0,93%, respectivamente. As características de carcaça não foram influenciadas significativamente pelos tratamentos. Constatou-se efeito linear positivo para digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta, da proteína total e da ureia sérica. Conclui-se que os níveis de proteína e lisina digestível recomendados para dietas de suínos machos, castrados, da raça Duroc, na fase de crescimento I, são de 16,70% e 0,93%, respectivamente, pois esses níveis proporcionaram melhorias no ganho de peso, na conversão alimentar e na creatinina sérica.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate digestible lysine levels, keeping the relation among amino acids for Duroc barrows from 30 to 50kg. Fifty Duroc barrows (30.35±1.96kg live weight) were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design, divided in five treatments with five replicates and two animals in each experimental unit. The treatments consisted of digestible lysine levels (0.73%; 0.83%; 0.93%; 1.03% and 1.13%), keeping the relation with other essential amino acids. Performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and digestibility of the diets were evaluated. There was a quadratic response on weight gain, feed conversion and creatinine serum concentration as a function of the digestible lysine levels, with the greater levels obtained at 0.92%, 0.93% and 0.93%, respectively. The carcass characteristics were not influenced by the treatments. There was a linear increase of apparent digestibility of crude protein, total serum protein and urea. Results suggest that the requirement of protein and digestible lysine was 16.70% and 0.93%, respectively, providing improvements on weight gain, feed conversion and creatinine serum concentration of Duroc barrows in the growth phase.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Swine , Blood , Weight Gain , Diet , Lysine , Creatinine , Amino Acids, EssentialABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de intervenciones educativas en el conocimiento y percepción de los alimentos funcionales, en la comunidad universitaria. Método: Se efectuaron dos encuestas, la primera diagnóstica en el año 2006 (n=700) y la segunda en el año 2008(n= 333) en una muestra de docentes, alumnos y personal de apoyo (PAU). En el periodo transcurrido entre ambas evaluaciones, se desarrollaron estrategias educativas referidas a los alimentos funcionales (AF). Las diferencias entre las respuestas respecto del conocimiento y concepto de los AF, se analizaron mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrada. Resultados: La evaluación inicial señala que sólo el 21% del total de la muestra escuchó hablar de AF, mientras que en la evaluación final esta proporción alcanzó el 70%. En relación al conocimiento del concepto de AF, se registró sólo un 11% de respuestas correctas en el año 2006, aumentando al 70% en el 2008. Las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,05). Con respecto a la percepción del costo, en la primera instancia, más de la mitad opinó que cuestan más que los tradicionales, mientras que en la evaluación final, es superior la proporción que opina que nohay diferencias en el precio. Más de la mitad de los encuestados inicialmente, desconocían los beneficios para la salud, mientras que en la evaluación post intervención, más de las ¾ partesrespondió correctamente. La intención de compra expresada en la primera encuesta fue 77% en la categoría siempre y 21% en a veces. Sin embargo en la encuesta final, la mayor proporción se ubicó en a veces. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones educativas implementadas con diferentes estrategias, posibilitaron la incorporación de nuevos conceptos y/o contenidos referidos a los AF, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas, con respecto a las respuestas obtenidas sobre el conocimiento y funciones de los AF, antes y después de las intervenciones...
Subject(s)
Humans , Food and Nutrition Education , Functional Food , Knowledge , Perception , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has evolved as a useful technique to establish diagnosis in patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODS: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was done in twenty-five patients with either proved or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma using a flexible bronchoscope. Results of 19 patients who had pulmonary malignancy were analysed. RESULTS: In the 12 patients with endobronchially visible abnormality, TBNA could correctly identify eleven patients with carcinoma and one patient, who was a treated case, with no evidence of residual disease. In the seven patients with bronchoscopically invisible extrabronchial disease, TBNA could identify four patients with malignancy and also characterize true negative disease in a treated case with subcarinal lymph node. TBNA could define the correct cytology in all the patients with visible tumours and in 59% of patients with bronchoscopically invisible tumours. The procedure was diagnostic in 84% of the cases. Mediastinal lymph node sampling in nine patients by TBNA, with the help of contrast enhanced CT scans, was positive in five patients and negative in the other four patients thus helping in nodal staging. CONCLUSIONS: Although the sample size of the study was small, the procedure was found to be very useful for the early diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. It was safe, well tolerated and no untoward complications were observed.