ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación del rendimiento académico en áreas de Matemática, Lenguaje y Ciencias con la existencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) en escolares sanos de la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. Se consideraron niños sanos sin enfermedades concomitantes. Como variables de interés, se analizó el rendimiento académico en las áreas de Matemática, Ciencias y Lenguaje, y la existencia de un TRS, evaluado a través del cuestionario de sueño pediátrico. Al estudio ingresaron 256 niños (59,8% de varones). En la muestra estudiada, la prevalencia de TRS fue del 24,6%. Hubo una asociación significativa entre los TRS y la existencia de un bajo rendimiento en Matemática (OR 3,1; 1,5-6,8), Lenguaje (OR 2,5; 1,1-5,5) y Ciencias (OR 4,2; 1,7-10,0). En conclusión, en la muestra estudiada, la existencia de un TRS se asoció con un bajo rendimiento académico en las áreas de Lenguaje, Matemática y Ciencias.
The objective of this study was to establish an association between academic performance in Math, Language Arts, and Science and the presence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) among healthy schoolchildren from the city of Concepción, Chile. Healthy children were defined as those without comorbidities. Outcome measures of interest included the analysis of academic performance in Math, Language Arts, and Science and the presence of SRBD assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Two-hundred and fifty-six children were included in the study (59.8% were boys). In the studied sample, SRBD prevalence was 24.6%. A significant association was observed between SRBD and a low performance in Math (odds ratio --[OR--]: 3.1, 1.5-6.8), Language Arts (OR:2.5, 1.1-5.5), and Science (OR: 4.2, 1.7-10.0). To conclude, in the studied sample, the presence of SRBD was associated with a low academic performance in Language Arts, Math, and Science.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Snoring , Child , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Cognitive DysfunctionABSTRACT
Introducción. El entrenamiento muscular respiratorio es el método más utilizado para revertir la debilidad muscular respiratoria; no obstante, el efecto de protocolos basados en maniobras no respiratorias no ha sido suficientemente estudiado en población pediátrica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura abdominal sobre la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios y los flujos espiratorios forzados en adolescentes sanos. Métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental. La muestra estuvo integrada por adolescentes sanos divididos en dos grupos: un grupo experimental, quienes realizaron 8 semanas de entrenamiento de la musculatura abdominal activo, y un grupo control equivalente. Se midió la fuerza de los músculos abdominales, la presión inspiratoria máxima, la presión espiratoria máxima (PeMax), el flujo espiratorio máximo y el flujo máximo de tos antes y después del protocolo. Se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados. Todas las variables estudiadas aumentaron significativamente en el grupo experimental; sin embargo, solo la PeMax se incrementó en el grupo control. Adicionalmente, el grupo experimental presentó una mayor PeMax que el grupo control al final del protocolo, así como también una mayor ganancia en la PeMax y flujo espiratorio máximo. Finalmente, el incremento en la PeMax se asoció con el aumento en el flujo máximo de tos en el grupo experimental, lo que no fue observado en el grupo control. Conclusión. En 8 semanas de entrenamiento de la musculatura abdominal, se logró incrementar la PeMax y el flujo espiratorio máximo en adolescentes sanos (sedentarios). Estos efectos se asociaron a incrementos en el flujo máximo de tos inducidos por la intervención.
Introduction. Respiratory muscle training is the most commonly used method to revert respiratory muscle weakness; however, the effect of protocols based on non-respiratory maneuvers has not been adequately studied in the pediatric population. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of abdominal muscle training on respiratory muscle strength and forced expiratory flows in healthy adolescents. Methods. This was a quasi-experiment. The sample was made up of healthy adolescents divided into two groups: an experimental group who completed eight weeks of active abdominal muscle training, and an equivalent control group. The following indicators were measured: abdominal muscle strength, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), peak expiratory flow, and peak cough flow, before and after protocol completion. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. All studied outcome measures increased significantly in the experimental group but only MEP increased in the control group. In addition, a higher MEP was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group at the end of the protocol, together with a greater increase in MEP and peak expiratory flow. Finally, the increase in MEP was associated with an increase in cough peak flow in the experimental group but not in the control group. Conclusion. After eight weeks of abdominal muscle training, MEP and peak expiratory flow increased in healthy (sedentary) adolescents. Such effects were associated with intervention-induced increases in cough peak flow.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Exercise , Forced Expiratory Flow Rates , Abdominal Muscles , Muscle Strength , Sedentary BehaviorABSTRACT
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an essential tool in the management of chronic respiratory diseases in childhood. PR improve symptoms, physical performance, quality of life and social integration in children who have limitations in their daily activities. Health professionals have a key role in identifying those children who are candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation programs, in the initial evaluation and in the implementation of therapeutic strategies for training and education. This document is intended as a reference guide for all those professionals who are dedicated to the care of children with chronic respiratory diseases.
La rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) es un componente esencial en el manejo de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas en la infancia. La RR ha demostrado mejorar los síntomas, el rendimiento físico, la calidad de vida y su participación social en aquellos niños que tienen limitaciones en el desarrollo de sus actividades de la vida diaria. Los profesionales de la salud tienen un rol fundamental en identificar aquellos niños que son candidatos para los programas de rehabilitación respiratoria, en la evaluación inicial y en la implementación de estrategias terapéuticas de entrenamiento y de educación. Este documento pretende ser una guía de consulta para todos aquellos profesionales que se dedican a la atención de niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Exercise , Respiratory Tract Diseases/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Background: The 6-minutes walking test (6WT) is the ideal submaximal test for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. There are no reference values (RV) for Chilean children using the American Thoracic Society guidelines. Aim: To generate 6WT reference values for Chilean children aged 6 to 14 years. Material and Methods: 6MW was evaluated in 192 healthy children (100 women) aged between 6 and 14 years. The test was carried out in a 30 m long indoor flat surface. Children also answered a survey about health problems and their weight and height were recorded. Results: The distance walked by women and men was 596.5 ± 57 and 625 ± 59.7 m respectively (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the distance walked and height (r = 0.58), age (r = 0.56), weight (r = 0.54) and reserve heart rate (r = 0.21). Conclusions: These results can be used as reference values for the 6WT in Chilean children aged 6 to 14 years. They are similar to those reported abroad.