ABSTRACT
National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) is an electronic trading portal that networks the existing APMC markets to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. The main aim of the study was to determine the willingness to participate in e-NAM trading by farmers and traders in Sultanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The primary data was collected through 90 farmers and 30 traders by face-to-face interview with the help of survey schedule; this study was conducted in 2021-22, to find out the willingness, Binary Logit regression model was used. In the study the explanatory variables of farmers were social category, age of the respondent, education, produce sold to arhatiya or village traders and istance from mandi, according to analysis if education increased then willingness of farmers also increased with a coefficient of 3.27 similarly if the farmer is selling his produce to mandi arhatiya rather than a village trader then his probability to participate in e-NAM will increase by about 2.38 times. On other hand explanatory variables of Traders were social category, age of the traders, education level of traders, lending money to farmer, number of functions involved by traders in mandi and Business profits etc. All explanatory variables are significantly but only one variable which was not significantly i.e. Business profits because traders were afraid that their income will be known.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was undertaken to estimate the comparison of costs and returns for cucumber and bitter gourd production. The specific objectives of this study included the profitability of cucumber and bitter gourd as well as identifying the major constraints faced by cucumber and bitter gourd growers. The study was based on primary data which were collected through personal interviews with the help pre-tested survey scheduled. In which, a multistage stratified purposive cum random sampling technique was used to select the district, block, villages, and respondents. The Results indicated that bitter gourd production was profitable crop in comparison to cucumber. Besides, marginal farms’ was shown to be more profitable than small and medium farms according to an analysis of aggregate measures that were calculated for financial efficiency. Moreover, to identify the constraints the Garrett ranking technique was used. From the results, cucurbit farmers faced several issues of managerial, technical, and financial. In which top two most common problems in management & technical faced by them were lack of technical knowledge and unavailability of quality seeds (HYV) and the top two financial problems faced by them were untimely availability of loans and high-interest rates respectively. Major suggestions of cucurbit farmers to overcome these constraints are training being imparted to implement new technologies, credit facilities with low-rate interest by institutional agencies and storage facilities in mandi should be provided to the farmers for their perishable products.