ABSTRACT
Parkia biglobosa is one of the main medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases in Africa. We investigated cardioprotective effects of stem bark hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of P. biglobosa in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI). Four groups of five Wistar rats of each were used. Group I, control group, received per os (p.o) saline solution (5ml kg-1 b.w.) as vehicle daily for 15 days and was injected subcutaneously with the vehicle (5ml kg-1 b.w.) at an interval of 24 hours, on day 14 and 15. Group II referred to as infarcted rats, received vehicle p.o and was injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (125 mg kg-1 b.w.) as in group I. Groups III and IV were pre-treated p.o with HAE (90 and 60 mg kg-1 b.w. respectively) daily for 15 days and was injected subcutaneously Isoproterenol (125 mg kg-1 b.w.). ISO has induced MI, characterized by significant increased (p <0.001) of MDA, biochemical alterations, heart hypertrophy and histological changes in infarcted rats. HAE, prevented significantly (p <0.001) induction of all these anomalies in pre-treated rats. These results suggested cardioprotective effects of P.biglobosa against ISO induced MI.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Bleeding is the leading cause of early death and a post-traumatic major cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Although 80% of African people have used herbs to treat wounds, very little information is available about plants species with hemostatic properties. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of plants used for their hemostatic properties in southern Benin. Study Design: Ethnobotanical and survey study. Place and Duration of Study: Southern Benin in West Africa between January and June 2011. Methodology: Ethnopharmacological surveys were conducted from January to June 2011, with 66 traditional healers in Southern Benin using the method by Semi Structured Interview (SSI). Results: We surveyed 55 species of medicinal plants belonging to 28 families. The most used species were: Musa sapientum L., Jatropha multifida L., Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel., Annona muricata L., Macrosphyra longistyla DC. And Newbouldia leavis P. Beauv. The use of these plants is more common in postpartum hemorrhages (45.8%), scarification (22%), circumcision (13%) and snake bites (7%). Preparations administered orally (56.8%) or locally (43.2%) are most often in the form of various extraction products (latex sap or juice (31.9%), aqueous decoction (22.7%), aqueous maceration (17.6%) or powder (13.5%). The plant parts most frequently used are: leaves (38.2%), bark (23.6%), roots (12.7%) and latex (11.9%). Conclusion: The extracts of these plants could therefore be an attractive option given the urgency posed by hemorrhages.
ABSTRACT
This study is focused on the in vitro evaluation of the hemolysis inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of six plants used in the traditional treatment of sickle cell disease in Benin: Morinda lucida, Uvaria chamae, Lonchocarpus cyanescens, Croton zambesicus, Raphiostylis beninensis and Xylopia aethiopica. AS and SS red blood cells are subjected to hyposmotic impact with decreasing concentrations of NaCl solution. All the aqueous extracts of the six plants showed a better contribution in erythrocyte osmotic resistance from the concentration of 5 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL, except the extract at 5 mg/mL of Raphiostylis beninensis that caused hemolysis of both red blood cells AS and SS. The extract at 1 mg/mL of Raphiostylis beninensis and the extracts at 5mg/mL of Xylopia aethiopica and Croton zambesicus showed a high hemolysis inhibition of red blood cells AS and SS. The extracts of Lonchocarpus cyanescens showed moderate hemolysis inhibition of SS red blood cells while extracts of Uvaria chamae inhibited highly the hemolysis of AS red blood cells. As for the roots of Morinda lucida, only the extract at 5mg/mL highly inhibited the hemolysis of the AS red blood cells. This protocol seems appropriate to work with both AS and SS blood because the comparative effects of each tested extract on hemolysis of AS and SS blood showed a good correlation coefficient of Pearson (1 or -1). All the plants tested in this work showed, at different doses, an in vitro antisickling effect and this explains partially their use in the traditional treatment of sickle cell disease.
ABSTRACT
But : Evaluer l'influence du tabagisme et du niveau de dependance nicotinique sur la variation de la lactatemie pendant l'effort et apres la recuperation chez des sportifs. Materiel et methodes : 126 footballeurs (63 fumeurs et 63 non fumeurs) evoluant dans le championnat d'elite congolais ont ete soumis a un test d'effort rectangulaire et sous maximal; sur un cycloergometre. Des dosages repetes de lactates sanguins ont ete effectues et les variations de la lactatemie durant et apres l'effort ont ete comparees entre les deux groupes; en fonction de la dependance nicotinique. Resultats : nous avons observe une evolution de la lactatemie en deux phases dans les deux groupes ; une phase croissante et une decroissante. La lactatemie etait toutefois plus elevee lors de la phase croissante (p0;001); de meme que la vitesse d'elimination des lactates etait lus lente chez les fumeurs. Le taux des lactates etait directement proportionnel au degre de dependance nicotinique (p0;01). Conclusion : le tabac expose les footballeurs a une hyperlactatemie au cours de l'effort. Cette elevation est proportionnelle au degre de dependance nicotinique. Nos resultats renforcent l'interet des campagnes anti-tabac en milieu sportif dans le but d'ameliorer les performances des facteurs
Subject(s)
Lactase , Tobacco Smoking , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
Purpose: Aloe buettneri A. Berger is commonly used in Togolese folk medicine to treat inflammation and gastric ulcer. In this study we investigated the anti-oedema; analgesic; antipyretic and ulcer healing properties of the hydro-alcohol extract of their leaves. Methods: Rat oedema paw were induced by the injection of 0.1 ml of formaldehyde 1; tail flick method is used to study analgesic property; hyperthermia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 15of a brewers' yeast suspension at dose of 10 ml/kg and ulcers were induced by ethanol or HCl/ethanol mixture. Results: The extract showed anti-inflammatory properties at doses between 250-500 mg/kg. It inhibited; in a dose- dependent manner; the oedema induced by 0.1 ml of formaldehyde 1. Scores of 73.70and 83.63were obtned when the doses of extract administered were 100 and 500 mg/kg; respectively. The tail flick analgesic index showed an increase of 36.56when the dose was 500 mg/kg. The extract decreased significantly the hyperthermia induced by the injection of yeast. 1000 mg/kg of the extract inhibited 63.77of the gastric lesion induced by acid-water-ethanol mixture while daily administration of the same dose accele- rated the cicatrisation of gastric ulcer induced by 95ethanol. Conclusion: The results obtained show that the hydro-alcohol extract of Aloe buettneri A. Berger (Lillia- ceae) has anti-inflammatory; anti-ulcer and wound healing properties
Subject(s)
Aloe , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Anti-Ulcer Agents , Plant Extracts , Stomach UlcerABSTRACT
Ce travail a ete realise dans le but d'evaluer l'activite inhibitrice de falciformation in vitro des extraits de deux plantes couramment utilisees dans le traitement de la drepano- cytose au Togo :Morinda lucida et Newbouldia leavis. Lorsque les hematies sont incubees en presence des extraits vegetaux et du metabisulfite de sodium a 2; on note une diminution concentration- dependante du taux de falciformation par rapport au sang temoin qui a ete incube en presence de NaCl a 0;9a la place des extraits. Morinda a montre un taux d'inhibition de 17;30a la concentration de 1 mg/ml et de 92;31a la concentration de 30 mg/ml sur le sang SS. Sur le sang AS; a la concentration de 1 mg/ml de cet extrait; l'inhibition est de 48;10et 99;34pour 30 mg/ml. Avec N. leavis on a obtenu une inhibition de 15;66a 1 mg/ml et 90;42a 30 mg/ml sur le sang SS. Sur le sangAS cette inhibition est de 64;03pour 1 mg/ml et 99;02pour 30 mg/ml. Ce protocole semble approprie pour travailler aussi bien avec le sang AS qu'avec le sang SS car les effets compares de chacun des extraits sur la falciformation du sang AS et SS ont donne un coefficient de correlation de Pearson qui est de 0;92 pour Newbouldia et de 0;89 pour Morinda. Nos resultats montrent que ces deux plantes ont un effet anti-falciformant evident in vitro et soutiennent l'interet de leur usage en medecine traditionnelle
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell , Morinda , RubiaceaeABSTRACT
Les effets antimicrobiens de dix plantes couramment utilisees dans le traitement traditionnel de certaines maladies infectieuses ont ete etudies. Nos resultats indiquent que les extraits aqueux totaux de ces plantes inhibent a des degres divers la croissance in vitro de plusieurs bacteries. Ces resultats peuvent expliquer; dans le cas de certaines plantes; leur indication therapeutique traditionnelle