Clinical research progress of Kawasaki disease shock syndrome / 天津医药

Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is a serious manifestation of Kawasaki disease. It is a clinical symptom of hypoperfusion, which occurs hemodynamic instability on the basis of the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. KDSS can occur in the early stage of Kawasaki disease, and can be easily missed and misdiagnosed. Now, the clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment of KDSS are reviewed, in order to improve the ability of clinical pediatricians to identify the disease early and reduce the occurrence of life-threatening complications.

Association of plasma glucose, insulin, and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese children

To investigate the association between fasting plasma glucose [FPG], 2-hour post challenge plasma glucose [2hPG], fasting plasma insulin [FINS], 2-hour post challenge plasma insulin [2hINS], and cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight children. This is a cross-sectional study of 452 obese and overweight children [male: 312, female: 140, aged 6-16 years]. This study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China between June 2008 and November 2012. Anthropometries and blood analysis were carried out. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were used to investigate the association among FPG, 2hPG, FINS, 2hINS and cardiovascular risk factors. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride were highly correlated with FINS. Fasting plasma insulin influenced greater variance in most cardiovascular risk factors than 2hPG and 2hINS. Fasting plasma insulin was closely associated with most cardiovascular risk factors compared with FPG, 2hPG and 2hINS

Correlation between vaspin concentration and insulin sensitivity in the visceral adipose tissue of young obese rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) concentration and insulin sensitivity in the visceral adipose tissue of young obese Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four SD rats which had been weaned 3 weeks before were randomly divided into two groups (n=12 each) to receive a high-fat and normal diet. The weight and abdominal circumference (AC) of each rat were measured, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) in blood from the angular vein were measured after 12 hours of fasting and blood glucose (BG) and insulin (INS) levels in blood from the angular vein were measured at 60 and 120 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose (2 g/kg). The rats were sacrificed, and their liver and visceral adipose tissue were weighed. The vaspin concentration of the visceral adipose tissue in each rat was measured using ELISA. Correlation analysis was performed on the vaspin concentration and other indices.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal diet group, the high-fat diet group showed significantly higher weight, AC, weight of visceral adipose tissue, FPG, FINS, 120 minute INS level, vaspin concentration, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β) (P<0.05) Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was significantly lower (P<0.01). Vaspin concentration was positively correlated with visceral adipose tissue and liver weight, AC, 120 minute INS level, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with ISI (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High expression of vaspin is associated with insulin resistance in young obese SD rats. Vaspin is presumably an adipocytokine that can increase insulin sensitivity, promote insulin secretion by islet β-cells and improve glucose tolerance, and it may be involved in insulin resistance and the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.</p>

Study on physique index set for Chinese children and adolescents / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To provide data as age-gender dependent mean,standard deviation and percentile on height,weight.waist circumference (WC),hip circumference (HC).body mass index (BMI),waist hip ratio (WHR),waist to height ratio (WHtR) among 7-16 year-olds Chinese children and adolescents,towards setting up diagnostic criteria on metabolic syndrome for them.Methods A representative sample involvng 22 197 children and adolescence aged 7 to 16 years were randomly surveyed and they were from 6 representative geographical areas,including Beijing.Tianjin? Hangzhou,Shanghai,Chongqing and Nanning.A total of 21858 had available data,with male/female ratio as:11460/10 398.Using the standard methods,we measured height,weight.WC,HC,BMI.WHtR and other data in all age groups.Physique indexes among different geographic regions (North.Mid-west and East) were compared.Results (1) Both male and female showed an inaeasing trend of height.weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and BMI along with the increase of age.WHR of girls decreased gradually from 0.84 to 0.76 went from 7 to 16 years old while WHR of boys changed from 0.87 to 0.81 accordingly.(2) WHtR was rarely affected by age.It fluctuated between 0.42-0.43 in all girls and 0.44-0.45 in boys less than 11 years.WHtR of boys older than 12 years showed a slight decline from 0.45 to 0.42 of WHtR.(3) The average height,weight,BMI of children and adolescents from the northem regions (Beijing,Tianjin) were significantly higher than that of the mid-western (Chongqing,Nanning) and the eastem regions (Shanghai,Hangzhou) (P＜0.001 ),while those from the mid-western region were slightly higher than that of the eastern region (P＜0.05) in each of the age group.Conclusion Reference values and percentile curves for WC and WHtR of Chinese children and adolescents were provided.For the assessment of central obesity.WHtR had the advantages of relative stability and small degree of variation and rarely affected by age and gender,when compared with WC.and could be used as an simple index to reflect the central obesity of children and adolescents.

Survey on the levels of lipids in school-aged children of Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Shanghai,Chongqing and Nanning cities / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the lipid levels of Han ethnicity Chinese children at school-age,to provide objective data for the formulation of prevention and management strategy regarding dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.Methods 20 191 children (with 10 669 boys and 9522 girls) aged 7 to 16 years old from 6 representative geographical areas,including Beijing,Tianjin,Hangzhou,Shanghai,Chongqing and Nanning,were surveyed in a randomly selected clustered sample in China.Data on fasting blood triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured.Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels were calculated with data collection,entry,and collation were under the same criteria.Results (1) In the 7-16 year-old group,TG (P95) fluctuated between 1.26 mmol/L and 1.88 mmol/L,while TC (P95) was between 4.80 mmol/L and 5.46 mmol/L.LDL-C(P95) was between 2.67 mmol/L and 3.27 mmol/L while non-HDL-C (P95) was between 3.36 mmol/L and 3.91mmol/L,sugesting that age did not seem to be an affecting factor for the lipid level (P＞0.05).The level of HDL-C (P5) fluctuated bctwcen 1.08 mmol/L and 0.83 mmol/L,and the dependability analysis on HDL-C and age showed statistically significant difference (P＜0.01,r=-0.274).(2) In the 7-9 year-old group,the levels ofTG,TC,LDL-C and non-HDL-C of boys were lower but the HDL-C level was higher than in girls.However,in the 10-16 year-old group,the levels of five lipids of boys were all lower than in girls,with all the differences statistically significant (P＜0.05).(3) The levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and non-HDL-C in the obese group were significantly higher than those in non-obesity group,as HDL-C was significantly lower than in non-obese group(P＜0.01).Incidence rates of single and multiple dyslipidemia in obese group were significantly higher than in non-obese group (P＜0.01).(4) Grouped by region,the abnormal rates of TG were descending,with the ranking as North (10.4％),Midwest (9.7％) and East (8.3％),while the abnormal rates of TC were descending with the ranking as Midwest (6.0％),North (5.2％)and East (4.8％).The abnormal rates of LDL-C were descending as the ranking of North (3.1％),East (2.6％) and Midwest (0.9％),with the abnormal rates of non-HDL-C were descending as Midwest (6.5％),North(4.2％)and East (3.6％).The abnormal rates of HDL-C were descending as Midwess (14.2％),North(5.7％) and East(5.5％).All the differences in the above-said items were statistically significant (P＜0.05).(5) According to the standards of hyperlipidemia formulated by the American Academy of Pediatrics,the incidence rates of abnormal TG,TC,LDL-C,non-HDL-C,HDL-C were 9.4％,5.4％,2.2％,4.8％,8.6％ respectively.Conclusion (1) Levels of lipids were affected by many factors,but age was not one of them in children and adolescents.However,HDL-C was declining along with the increase of age,to some extent.(2)Girls had a relatively protective tendency through the increasing HDL-C level when they entered the puberty years.(3)Lipids levels in non-obese group were significantly better than the obese group.(4)The lipids levels of children and adolescents in the Eastern region of the country were better than that in the northern and mid-western areas.

Serum resistin concentration and insulin resistance in obese children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Obesity is an important risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte is a cell that can actively secrete a series of factors to regulate the pathway responsible for energy balance. Resistin is one of these factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlation between resistin and certain parameters, including body parameters and other parameters of glucose metabolism and roles of resistin in hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in obese children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum resistin concentration was measured in 34 obese children (18 boys, 16 girls; age 8.9-15.9 years) and 31 normal subjects (16 boys, 15 girls; age 7.8-14.5 years) by using ELISA. Anthropometric parameters, fasting glucose and insulin were measured in all subjects. Insulin resistance was assayed by homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R). Beta cell function was determined by using homeostasis model assessment beta cell (HOMA-beta). Correlation analysis was performed between resistin and other parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The serum resistin concentration (common logarithmic transformation) was 3.1 +/- 0.5 in obese subjects and 2.7 +/- 0.8 in normal subjects. (P < 0.05). (2) The serum resistin concentration was not significantly correlated with sex, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but was positively correlated with BMI, percent body fat (BF%), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.299, r = 0.304, r = 0.322, P < 0.01); and positively correlated with fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-R (r = 0.299, r = 0.303, r = 0.324, P < 0.05), but not significantly correlated with HOMA-beta. (3) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only HOMA-R was the factor that significantly influenced resistin, R(2) = 0.105, the standard partial coefficient was 0.279 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum resistin concentration in obese children were higher than that in normal children. The serum resistin concentration significantly correlated with the degree of obesity and the distribution of fat. Resistin is probably related to occurrence of hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance in obese children.</p>

Relationship among insulin-like growth factor 1、insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and human fetal development / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the relationship among insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3(IGFBP-3) and birth weight, length and placental weight and to discuss the endocrine factors which affected fetal growth by assaying levels of IGF-1、IGFBP-3 in umbilical cord serum.Methods The neonates were divided into appropriate for gestational age infant(AGA) and small for gestational age infant(SGA) according to birth weight and gestation. The birth weight, length and placental weight of neonates were measured and at meantime the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were assayed by immunoradiometric assay.Results 1.There were 105 neonates, including 79 AGA and 26 SGA. There were significantly statistical differences in birth weight, length and placental weight (all, P

Effects of H_2S on visceral pain induced by colorectal distention and expression of substance P in rats / 中华消化杂志

Objective To study the effects of H_2S on the visceral pain induced by colorectal dis- tention (CRD) and the expression of substance P (SP)in rats.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,normal saline(i,p.) group,low( 15?mol/kg),moderate (45?mol/kg) and high(75?mol/kg) dose of NaSH(i.p.) groups.All rats.except control group,were subjected to CRD for 25 seconds and their behavioral responses to CRD were assessed by measuring the abdominal with drawal reflex(AWR).The expression of SP in the ileocecal junction,colon,spinal cord of thoracic waist (T6-L5) and brain was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The visceral pain induced by CRD produced a capacity-dependent increase of AWR score in normal saline group,and a dose-dependent reduction of AWR score in three of NaSH groups.There was no significant differences of SP expression in the ileocecal junction,colon,spinal cord of thoracic waist and thalamencepbalon between the normal saline group and the NaSH low dose group.However,the decreased SP expression in the NaSH moder- ate and high dose groups were observed in comparison to those in the normal saline group(P