ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) kills close to half a million Indians every year. Lack of reliable rapid diagnostic techniques for TB hampers timely diagnosis and leads to continued disease transmission, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The potential of newly recommended CBNAAT in TB and MDR-TB detection has been underutilized in our area due to lack of awareness regarding the same. Hence we utilized this rapid, logistically simplified test to study the pattern of tuberculosis among tribal population of Central India.Methods: Descriptive study of suspected TB patients in tertiary care centre from March 2016 to March 2019. Appropriate specimens from suspected TB patients were collected and subjected to CBNAAT and AFB smear to study the pattern of TB and Rifampicin- Resistant(RR) TB in our area.Results: CBNAAT detected overall 27% MTB cases; 27.72 % Pulmonary-TB cases as against smear positivity rate of 20.73% whereas 12.74% Extra-pulmonary-TB (EPTB) cases as against smear positivity rate of 1.59%.Overall 94.91% were RiF Sensitive( RS-TB) and 4.58% were RR-TB. Of the 57 (4.16%) HIV-TB coinfected cases; 96.49% were RS-TB and 5.26% were RR-TB. Co-infected patients have high incidence of EPTB(21.05%) involvement with RR-TB 3.50%. Among EPTB cases; lymph node aspirate and pus provided highest CBNAAT positive cases and almost 90.62% EPTB specimens were RS-TB .Conclusions: Availability of new diagnostic services has increased early identification of TB and RR-TB. Awareness among physicians regarding diagnostic utility of CBNAAT should be further increased as early identification of possible MDR cases is key to reducing community transmission and treatment initiation, particularly in high-burden, resource-limited settings.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Health care workers accessories like mobile and pen have become important fomites in spread of health care infections and when used at the patient’s point of care may be responsible for cross contamination. Aim is to determine whether mobile phones and pens could play a role in the spread of bacterial pathogens. Methodology: Swabs from from mobile phones and pens were taken and inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates and the isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures. Results: 28 /74(37.83%) mobile phone and 22/74(29.73%) pens showed bacterial contamination. Coagulase negative staphylococcus accounted for the majority of positive isolates. Conclusion: Mobiles and pens are potential reservoir for bacteria. They might be a vector in the transmission of potential pathogenic microorganisms. The risk can be reduced by using alcohol-based sanitizing agents for wiping mobile and pen.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), have common modes of transmission. Globally, sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are the highest among population subgroups such as sex workers. Objective is to - (i) Study of Hepatitis B infections and HIV infection in female sex workers (ii) Co-infection rate of HBV and HIV among this population (iii) Simultaneous comparision of infection HBV and HIV infection in healthy female population(blood donar). Methodology: This study was conducted in the department of microbiology IGGMC Nagpur from October 2014 to August 2015. Their sera were tested for the HBsAg and HIV antibodies. Results: A total 400 samples were tested (200 samples of female sex workers and 200 samples of healthy female blood donors. The seropositivity of HBV in FSWs is 1.5% and of HIV is 2%, none of FSWs were coinfected with both the infections. That of healthy female donors HBV prevalence is 0.5% and HIV is also 0.5% similarly none were coinfected with both the infections. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis-B virus infection and HIV infection is low among the female sex workers in Nagpur region. Similarly prevalence in healthy female population is also low. Targeted intervention among the risk group is effective measure in decreasing the hepatitis B infection rate.
ABSTRACT
Abstracts: Backround: Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV- 2) belongs to the family Retroviridae and is morphologically similar to HIV-1. Reliable and up-to- date information on the HIV-2 epidemic in India is still lacking. Methodology: We conducted this study to know the seroprevalence of HIV-2 in our region. Results: A total 15046 samples were screened at ICTC that includes 6343 from ANC mothers and 8703 samples from direct walk-in clients and referred patients.for HIV-2 antibodies. Also, we found 9 (0.10%) samples positive for HIV-2. One patient was coinfected with HIV-1 and HIV-2. There were no HIV-2 positive cases in ANC and paediatric age group. Conclusion: As HIV-2 is being reported from various parts of the country and its treatment modalities differ from HIV-1 hence screening for HIV-2 should be carried out routinely.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis, the second most common vector borne parasitic disease after malaria. According to WHO, lymphatic filariasis is the second most common cause of long term disability after mental illness. The Government of India has accorded a high priority for elimination of this infection through mass chemotherapy programme (MDA). Material and Methods: This study was conducted to see the effect of MDAon lymphatic filariasis. As lymphatic filariasis control programme is a national programme and it is controlled and monitored by health services, we collected and analyzed the data from four sentinel centers from Nagpur district from 2004 to 2012. Result and Conclusion: We observed that after repeated administration of MDA the Mf rate has declined over a period of time and helped to reduce the transmission from one person to other. It also prevents the chronic disability and increases the marriage prospectus in young females in endemic area. The cost of preventing one case of chronic disease is very low as compared to other chronic diseases. So we concluded that repeated subsequent rounds of MDA is effective. It is economical with social benefits.