ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cardial mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and analyze its prognostic factors.@*Methods@#The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 34 patients with primary cardial MANEC who were admitted to the Changzhou No.2 People′s Hospital of Nangjing Medical University from January 2008 to January 2018 were collected. There were 20 males and 14 females, aged from 39 to 81 years, with an average age of 66 years. All the 34 patients underwent resection of cardia cancer and postoperative pathological examination. Observation indicators: (1) surgery and treatment; (2) clinical manifestations and pathological conditions; (3) pathological examination of surgical resection specimens; (4) follow-up and survival; (5) analysis of prognostic factors. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Kaplan-Merier method was used to calculate the survival time and rate and draw the survival curve, and log-rank test was used for the survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX proportional risk model.@*Results@#(1) Surgery and treatment: all the patients underwent surgery successfully and postoperative systemic chemotherapy based on cisplatin + etoposide. (2) Clinical manifestations and pathological conditions: patients had epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain and abdominal distension as the first symptoms. Of 34 patients, number of males, cases with age ≥60 years, cases with esophageal involvement, cases with stable microsatellite, cases with higher CA19-9, cases with elevated cancer embryonic antigen, cases of tumor pathologic TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, cases with tumor diameter ≥5 cm, cases with vascular tumor emboli, cases with positive lymph node metastasis, cases with nerve invasion were 20, 29, 31, 28, 4, 3, 29, 30, 27, 30, 29, respectively. (3) Pathological examination of surgical excision specimens: the masses of patients were mainly ulcer-type, with the diameter of 3.0-8.4 cm. Of the 34 patients, 1 had tumor infiltrated into submucosa, 5 infiltrated into muscle layer, 18 infiltrated into serosal layer, and 10 infiltrated into extra-serous fibrous adipose tissues. Microscopy examination showed that all tumors were composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the two components accounted for more than 30%. Among adenocarcinoma components of the 34 patients, 14 were poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 6 were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 6 were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 5 were low-adhesion carcinoma, 1 was highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and 2 were papillary adenocarcinoma. Among the neuroendocrine carcinoma components of the 34 patients, 10 were small cell type and 24 were large cell type. Of the 34 patients, 10 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma closely adjacent but not confused, and 24 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma cross-mixed. Immunohistochemistry examination of 34 patients showed that the components of neuroendocrine carcinoma were positive for synaptophysin, pheochromoin A and nerve cell adhesion molecule. The components of adenocarcinoma were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin, cytokeratin 8/18 and cytokeratin 7. (4) Follow-up and survival: 34 patients were followed up for 8.0-68.0 months, with a median time of 53.7 months. The 34 patients had survived for 21-49 months, with a median time of 35 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 93.31%, 53.60%, and 20.62%. (5) Ananlysis of prognostic factors: results of univariate analysis showed that CA19-9, tumor diameter, intravascular tumor thrombus, tumor pathological TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, microsatellite detection, and histological classification were the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (risk ratio =1.724, 0.327, 1.401, 1.612, 1.542, 1.876, 0.945, 95% confidence interval: 1.226-3.467, 0.218-0.776, 1.171-4.432, 0.694-4.054, 0.987-3.776, 1.217-4.341, 0.614-2.115, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, positive lymph node metastasis, stable microsatellite, neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (odds ratio=1.667, 1.441, 1.306, 3.501, 95% confidence interval: 1.013-4.915, 1.035-5.746, 1.006-6.213, 2.076-8.528, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Cardial MANEC is composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the two components account for more than 30%. The tumors in the neuroendocrine cacinoma area present as solid nest-like pattern, rosettes-shaped or organ-like pattern, with high nuclear-to-plasma ratio and fine chromatin, and it is easy to see mitotic figures. Adenocarcinoma components are tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma with various differentiation. The adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components can be cross-mixed, and also can be closely adjacent but not confused. Tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, positive lymph node metastasis, stable microsatellite, neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinical pathological feature of primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma and to make a further understandine of the disease.@*Methods@#Data including clinical manifesation, pathological findings, molecular detection and immunophenotyping with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma was retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#15 patients with PPSC were identified(13 men and 2 women, age ranged 56-76 years, median age 66 years). The tumor were located in the left lobus superior(8 cases), lobus inferior(6 cases), and the right lobus medius(1 case). The main clinical symptoms was cough, sputum, bloody sputum, chest pain. Among the 13 males, 10 had smoking history of more than 30 years, and 2 females had no smoking history. All cases presented with a spheroid solid lung mass. All tumor showed mild enhancement similar to that of the surrounding musculature after contrast enhancement, and inhomogeneous central low-attenuation areas were seen in 15 patients. Pathological pattern: 6 cases spindle cell carcinoma, 4 cases pleomorphic carcinoma, 2 cases giant cells carcinoma, 2 cases carcinosarcoma, 1 case pulmonary blastoma. The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was all positive, EMA was positive in 7, VIM was positive in 10 of 15 cases.10 patients were tested for common related genes of lung cancer, 4 patients had MET14 jump mutation, EGFR L858R gene mutation occurred in 3 cases, KARS G13D gene mutation in 2 cases, and BRAF V600E mutation in 1 case. All 15 patients underwent lobectomy, 13 underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, and 6 underwent local radiotherapy. Postoperative follow-up was 8 to 50 months, 3 cases were lost, and 4 cases were survival 3 years after the surgery.@*Conclusion@#Pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Compared with other NSCLC, there is no special clinical and imageing characteristics. Its definite diagnosis relies on postoperative pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining, and PSC needs to be diatinguished from a variely of disease. PPSC is more aggressive and poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical pathological feature of primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma and to make a further understandine of the disease.Methods Data including clinical manifesation,pathological findings,molecular detection and immunophenotyping with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma was retrospectively analyzed.Results 15 patients with PPSC were identified (13 men and 2 women,age ranged 56-76 years,median age 66 years).The tumor were located in the left lobus superior(8 cases),lobus inferior (6 cases),and the right lobus medius (1 case).The main clinical symptoms was cough,sputum,bloody sputum,chest pain.Among the 13 males,10 had smoking history of more than 30 years,and 2 females had no smoking history.All cases presented with a spheroid solid lung mass.All tumor showed mild enhancement similar to that of the surrounding musculature after contrast enhancement,and inhomogeneous central low-attenuation areas were seen in 15 patients.Pathological pattern:6 cases spindle cell carcinoma,4 cases pleomorphic carcinoma,2 cases giant cells carcinoma,2 cases carcinosarcoma,1 case pulmonary blastoma.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was all positive,EMA was positive in 7,VIM was positive in 10 of 15 cases.10 patients were tested for common related genes of lung cancer,4 patients had MET14 jump mutation,EGFR L858R gene mutation occurred in 3 cases,KARS G13D gene mutation in 2 cases,and BRAF V600E mutation in 1 case.All 15 patients underwent lobectomy,13 underwent adjuvant chemotherapy,and 6 underwent local radiotherapy.Postoperative follow-up was 8 to 50 months,3 cases were lost,and 4 cases were survival 3 years after the surgery.Conclusion Pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer.Compared with other NSCLC,there is no special clinical and imageing characteristics.Its definite diagnosis relies on postoperative pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining,and PSC needs to be diatinguished from a variely of disease.PPSC is more aggressive and poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cardial mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and analyze its prognostic factors.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 34 patients with primary cardial MANEC who were admitted to the Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nangjing Medical University from January 2008 to January 2018 were collected.There were 20 males and 14 females,aged from 39 to 81 years,with an average age of 66 years.All the 34 patients underwent resection of cardia cancer and postoperative pathological examination.Observation indicators:(1) surgery and treatment;(2) clinical manifestations and pathological conditions;(3) pathological examination of surgical resection specimens;(4) follow-up and survival;(5) analysis of prognostic factors.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range).Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages.Kaplan-Merier method was used to calculate the survival time and rate and draw the survival curve,and log-rank test was used for the survival analysis.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX proportional risk model.Results (1) Surgery and treatment:all the patients underwent surgery successfully and postoperative systemic chemotherapy based on cisplatin + etoposide.(2) Clinical manifestations and pathological conditions:patients had epigastric discomfort,abdominal pain and abdominal distension as the first symptoms.Of 34 patients,number of males,cases with age ≥ 60 years,cases with esophageal involvement,cases with stable microsatellite,cases with higher CA19-9,cases with elevated cancer embryonic antigen,cases of tumor pathologic TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,cases with tumor diameter ≥5 cm,cases with vascular tumor emboli,cases with positive lymph node metastasis,cases with nerve invasion were 20,29,31,28,4,3,29,30,27,30,29,respectively.(3) Pathological examination of surgical excision specimens:the masses of patients were mainly ulcer-type,with the diameter of 3.0-8.4 cm.Of the 34 patients,1 had tumor infiltrated into submucosa,5 infiltrated into muscle layer,18 infiltrated into serosal layer,and 10 infiltrated into extra-serous fibrous adipose tissues.Microscopy examination showed that all tumors were composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma,and the two components accounted for more than 30％.Among adenocarcinoma components of the 34 patients,14 were poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,6 were mucinous adenocarcinoma,6 were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,5 were low-adhesion carcinoma,1 was highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,and 2 were papillary adenocarcinoma.Among the neuroendocrine carcinoma components of the 34 patients,10 were small cell type and 24 were large cell type.Of the 34 patients,10 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma closely adjacent but not confused,and 24 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma cross-mixed.Immunohistochemistry examination of 34 patients showed that the components of neuroendocrine carcinoma were positive for synaptophysin,pheochromoin A and nerve cell adhesion molecule.The components of adenocarcinoma were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin,cytokeratin 8/18 and cytokeratin 7.(4) Follow-up and survival:34patients were followed up for 8.0-68.0 months,with a median time of 53.7 months.The 34 patients had survived for 21-49 months,with a median time of 35 months.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 93.31％,53.60％,and 20.62％.(5) Ananlysis of prognostic factors:results of univariate analysis showed that CA19-9,tumor diameter,intravascular tumor thrombus,tumor pathological TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,microsatellite detection,and histological classification were the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (risk ratio =1.724,0.327,1.401,1.612,1.542,1.876,0.945,95％ confidence interval:1.226-3.467,0.218-0.776,1.171-4.432,0.694-4.054,0.987-3.776,1.217-4.341,0.614-2.115,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,positive lymph node metastasis,stable microsatellite,neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (odds ratio =1.667,1.441,1.306,3.501,95％ confidence interval:1.013-4.915,1.035-5.746,1.006-6.213,2.076-8.528,P＜0.05).Conclusions Cardial MANEC is composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma,and the two components account for more than 30％.The tumors in the neuroendocrine cacinoma area present as solid nestlike pattern,rosettes-shaped or organ-like pattern,with high nuclear-to-plasma ratio and fine chromatin,and it is easy to see mitotic figures.Adenocarcinoma components are tubular adenocarcinoma,mucinous adenocarcinoma,papillary adenocarcinoma with various differentiation.The adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components can be cross-mixed,and also can be closely adjacent but not confused.Tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,positive lymph node metastasis,stable microsatellite,neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC.