ABSTRACT
Fourteen primiparous Holstein cows [180.0 +/- 4.3 days in milk] with a mean [ +/- SD] daily milk yield of 35.0 +/- 1.3 kg and a body condition score of 3.2 +/- 0.2 were allotted into two groups [n=7], and were fed a ration consisting of [dry matter basis] 35% corn silage, 25% alfalfa hay and 40% concentrates. Salt was provided free choice. The experiment was performed during the period of heat stress, i.e., when the temperature-humidity index was greater than 72. One group was offered desalinated water containing 570 mg total dissolved solids [TDS] and another group was offered water containing 1400 mg TDS per L. Milk yield was measured weekly, and milk samples were taken on days 21 and 42 for determination of milk composition. Blood samples were taken on days 21 and 42 from the median caudal vein of the tail and the serum concentrations of Na[+], K[+], Ca[2+], Mg[2+], tri-iodothyronine [T[3]] and thyroxine [T[4] were measured. Ruminal fluid was taken by rumenocentesis on day 42 for determination of volatile fatty acids [VFA] and VFA concentration and pH were not significantly affected by water TDS [P>0.05]; however, cows receiving desalinated water 2 kg more milk per cow per day. Serum K[+] concentration was significantly higher in cows consuming saline water [P,0.05]. The present data indicated that water with TDS of 1400 mg per L had no adverse effect on lactating cows; therefore, it is not necessary to desalinate water in the region under study. However, in light of the possible effects of saline water on thyroid hormones, further studies concerning the influence of saline water on the metabolism of high producing cows in hot climates are warranted
ABSTRACT
Background: soldiers are a healthy population but they are at risk for diseases. The aim of this study was evaluation of behavior predispose to dieses related to elongation of in service time
Materials and methods: this study is a cross-sectional that randomly performed in one thousands of soldier's in capital city of Iran in 2006.demography data contain age, education level, long of in-service, smoking, addiction, tattooing, sexual contact. These data were analyzed with spss13 and used of t-test and chi-square
Results: all soldiers were man with mean age 21.5 +/-1.8 years old. This study showed that 92[10.2%] had less than one year, 18[2%] had more than two year and other had between 1-2years in-service. soldiers with more than two year in service 14[7.6%] had common teeth broth, 11[61.1%] had smoking, 6[33.3%] had history of addiction, 5[29.4%] had sexuality contact and more of these variants had related directly to long of in-service
Conclusion: this study showed that high risk behavior was high in soldiers with more than two years in-service. For this reason we considered to further health education for them
ABSTRACT
Background: Many socioeconomical factors as well as different health indicators could be affected in human health in different geographical variation with different climates and it can be seen in different countries of the world. Turkey is a country that its health situation directly or indirectly can be considered to decrease or increase the quality of health in our country especially for our military forces. The aim of this study was to determine the latest situation of gee-pathological of this country in order to find out their health problems
Material and methods: This is a review study that was carried out based on literature reviews as well as collection of health information from Internet and websites of WHO and CDC for Turkey country. In this study more than 300 hours internet works for collection of data and preparation of information were spent. Infectious diseases were determined specially in common border of Turkey and IR Iran
Results: Based on this study, serious health problem and infectious disease such as hepatitis A and E, cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis, malaria, diarrhea, measles, tuberculosis, respiratory infection were reported in Turkey
Conclusions: This study shows that different infectious diseases seen in Turkey and their diseases or health could be affected our national public health aspects and health of military forces. Therefore, it must be considered under observation to prevent any problems for future