[Diazinon alters sex hormones, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-4 and 10 in male Wistar rats]

Agricultural toxins including organochlorine and organophosphorus families cause damages in the various tissues in humans. Diazinon is a non-systemic organophosphate insecticide. This study was carried out to determine the effect of Diazinon on sex hormone, interferon gamma, interleukin-4 and 10 in male rats. In this experimental study 24 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Three experimental groups were received Diazinon 5 days per week for one month at 0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg/bw intraperitoneally, while controls received nothing. Seven days after the last injection, blood samples were obtained and the serum testosterone, FSH, LH, interferon gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 were measured. Serum level of Interleukin-10 significantly increased in experimental group [30 mg/kg/bw of Diazinon] compared to controls [P<0.05]. Serum level of Interleukin-10 significantly decreased in 0.3 mg/kg/bw and 3mg/kg/bw of Diazinon groups compared to controls [P<0.05]. Interleukin-4 level was only significant in the group receiving 30 mg/kg/bw of Diazinon [P<0.05]. Reduction in interferongamma level was not significant between control and experimental groups. FSH significantly reduced in the three experimental groups in comparison with controls [P<0.05]. Testosterone level was significantly increased in experimental groups compared to control [P<0.05]. Diazinon increases interleukin-10 and testosterone and reduces FSH hormone in the rat

[ in-vitro effects of Hinosan and Diazinon on human sperm parameters]

Hinosan and Diazinon are organophosphorate pesticides with contacting and penetrating effect that are used in agriculture against rice blast. Therefore, with regard to high use of these pesticides in the north of Iran, their harmful effects and high rates of infertility that are increasing every year in Mazandaran province. This study was performed to determine the effects of Hinosan and Diazinon on sperm parameters. This experimental study was performed on sperm samples of subjects who referred for semen fluid analysis [SFA]. The sperms were affected by Hinosan and Diazinon [0.001 and 0.0001 concentration]. The sperm number, motility and grading at the times of 0, 1, 2 and 4 were recorded. Data were analyzed by repeated measurement and compared with normal condition. Hinosan and Diazinon can reduce sperm motility by time [P<0.05], but the increase of dose had not significant effect on sperm motility decreasing. During the study, changes in increasing of grade I and grade II was statistically significant [P<0.05], but these changes were not significant in grade III. According to the findings, Hinosan and Diazinon can exert their reducing effects on number and motility of sperm as a time dependent profile. These effects are not dependent to the dose of the materials

[Effect of denervation on the bone marrow tissue in rat]

Background and Objective: Bone marrow is a specific tissue, which is very important for Haemopoesis. Any changes in its physiological function, such as aplastic anemia, attack of infectious agents and tumors of bone marrow due to wide systemic side effects in body. Denervation is one of the factors that may effect on the function of bone marrow

Methods: Femoral and sciatic nerve of right leg were cut in the below of inguinal ligament and near of sciatic notch, respectively. 2, 8 and 12 weeks after denervation, bone marrow of right tibial bone was aspirated in all groups. Then quality and quantity of bone marrow changes, size and counter of its cells were studied by three stains [Toluidine blue, Masson trichrom and H and E] and Morphometric method

Findings: After 2 weeks denervation, condense of nucleus of cells and blood circulation of bone marrow increased. Size and cell numbers decreased and from 8th week decline of metochromasy and increase of collagen in the bone marrow were seen which was a sign of fibrillation in background tissue

Conclusion: Condense of nucleus and decrease of size and cell numbers could be result of decline of their function due to their denervation. After denervation and change of cell metabolism, turn over of tissue was disordered in which showed by decline in size and number of cells