histological study of the effect of toluene inhalation on the tracheal mucosa in albino rat

Objectives: The present study aimed at exploring the histological changes affecting the mucous membrane of the trachea of rats exposed to prolonged daily toluene vapour inhalation and to assess the possible features for regeneration after abstinence of inhalation

Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided among a control group and a group subjected to daily sessions of toluene vapour inhalation [30 minutes three times/day far 6 days/ week] for twelve weeks. Half of the toluene inhalant rats were allowed to survive for anotherfour weeks to assess the withdrawal effects. By the end of each of the experiment and 0f the withdrawal periods, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation. The upper third of the trachea was preparedfor histological examination by the transmission electron microscope and by the light microswpefar sections stained by routine haematoxylin and eosin [H and E] stain, immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] and methylene blue stained semithin sections. Blood samples were simultaneously collected for estimation of the blood toluene level by high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]

Results: The tracheal mucosa after twelve weeks of toluene vapour inhalation revealed marked destruction of the epithelium and 0f the submucosal glands both an the light microsopic and ultrastructural levels. Meanwhile, the expression of the PCNA was reduced in the nuclei of the damaged epithelial cells but increased in the stromal cells. The mean level of toluene vapour in the blood of these rats was higher than the standardization solution. After a month withdrawal from toluene inhalation, the trachea showed metaplastic changes, where focal areas of the epithelium changed to the stratified squamous type. The submucosal glands were regenerated but with an altered ultrastructure of the lining cells. The PCNA reaction was increased among the basal cells of the stratified epithelium. There was a simultaneous decrease in the blood level of toluene vapour compared to the toluene inhalant group, which was still high in relation to the standardization level

Conclusion and recommendatians: Toluene inhalation has a risk for development of tracheal neoplasia. Legislations for prohibition of volatile substance abuse and public health efforts are recommended to raise the awareness about its hazards especially among the high risk population

case of amniotic fluid embolism successfully resuscitated

We reported a case of 38 years old woman who is presented for elective cesarean section [CS] with previous history of 3CS. After induction of anaesthesia, CS was started and immediately after delivery of baby, patient developed hypotension, cyanosis and cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation measures started and patient responded after 3 attempts. During resuscitation patient started to bleed and diagnosed as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy [DIC]. Resuscitation was performed by appropriate blood products and inotropes was given. After haemodynamic stabilization and abdominal closure patient was transformed to ICU and IPPV was done. Acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDs] was evident radiologically, clinically and by ABGs. Ventilator parameters were adjusted and patients weaned on the 4th ICU day at that time neurological evaluation revealed right sided hemiplegia and aphasia. Physiotherapy started and patient showed improvement and walked before discharge from hospital

Toxic effects of paroxetine on sexual and reproductive functions of rats

This study determined some appropriate parameters to detect male and female reproductive, endocrine, and teratological toxicity besides genotoxic effects of paroxetine. Several parameters concerning fertility were measured in male and female rats given oral doses of paroxetine [0.36mg/100g b.wt./day] for a month. In addition, estimation of the drug residues in male, female and fetus were carried out. There were alterations in serum concentration of gonadotraphins: FSH, LH, PRL and in the sex hormones: testosterone, progesterone and estradiol in male and female rats. These alterations were accompanied by sperm reduction, sperm abnormalities, irregular shaped of seminiferous tubules, hypertrophy of geominal cells and structural chromosomal aberrations in male rats. A reduction in mating and fertility indices were observed with an increase in the number of resorbed fetuses, and a decrease in body weight and crown rump length of rat embryos