Nosocomial Infection by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units of Assiut and Sohag University Hospitals

Nosocomial infections are the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients. The main purpose of this study was to determinate the frequency of nosocomial microorganisms obtained from intensive care unit patients admitted throughout 48 h and to detect the most common organisms and their susceptibility patterns to commercial antimicrobial agents and natural products [essential oils]. Resistance gene was determinate. During 18 months study, 894 bacterial isolates were recovered from 682 clinical samples[urine, blood, sputum, wound] in traumaandchest ICUs of Assuit University Hospital and trauma ICU of Sohag University Hospital. API 20E test was performed for Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates [as the commonest organisms]. In vitro susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents Ampicilin; Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Bacitracin, Amoxclav, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Imipenem, Meropenem and Chloramphenicol [as commercial antimicrobial agents] and to Rosmarinus officinalis and Cymbopogen citrates essential oils was performed using the Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method. PCR Testing for resistance gene for Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems [imipenem and meropenem]. Out of 894 bacterial isolates 210 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were detected and confirmed by API 20E. Lowest resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem [1%, 1% in trauma ICU of Assiut university hospital] [17.6%, 11.8%in chest ICU of Assiut university hospital] [3.1%, 4.1% in trauma ICU of Sohag university hospital]. cymbopogen citrates essential oils had the positive effect on carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates rather than Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. bla CTX-M gene, bla TEM gene and bla SHV gene were detected as resistance gene for imipenem and meropenem

The Enviromental Contamination in Some Intensive Care Units of Assiut and Sohag University Hospitals

The hospital environment may contribute with the dissemination of pathogens. There are no meaningful st and ards for permissible levels of microbial contamination of inanimate surfaces in hospital environment, but an increased microbial load on surfaces may imply the possibility of finding a pathogen. During a 18 months study, 1153 bacterial isolates were recovered from 1063 enviromental samples[beds, door h and le, trash basket, door surface, floors, and medial equipments] in traumaandchest ICUs of Assuit University Hospital and trauma ICU of Sohag university hospital. In vitro susceptibility of environmental bacterial isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents Ampicilin; Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Bacitracin, Amoxclav, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Imipenem, Meropenem and Chloramphenicol [as commercial antimicrobial agents]. Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Entercoccus spp, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus were identified in three intensive care units. The most prevalent organism was Klebsiella pneumoniaandStaphylococcus aureus in traumaandchest ICUs of Assuit University Hospital, Escherichia coli in trauma ICU of Sohag University Hospital. Vancomycin, linezolid, gentamicin and ciperofloxcin were highly effective to gram positives while imipenem and meropenem to gram negatives