ABSTRACT
There are high levels of sexual harassment in health care systems. Also, workplace violence occurs against ethnic and racial minorities. This study aimed to identify the frequency of and the factors contributing to and preventing sexual and racial harassment in the workplace towards health professionals in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 6500 out of 57000 health workers who were selected by multistage random sampling from some teaching hospitals in Iran. Data were collected using the questionnaire of [workplace violence in the health sector] developed by the International Labor Organization, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International. According to the findings, the frequencies of sexual harassment and racial harassment were, respectively, 4.7% and 12% for the 12 months prior to the study [2011]. Among healthcare workers, nurses reported the highest rate of violence. The most important contributing factors in sexual and racial harassment were lack of security facilities [45.8%] and people's ignorance of employees' tasks [55.7%]. The presence of security force, safety measures in the wards, and guards were noted as the most important preventive factor to harassment. Based on the results, the frequency of sexual and racial harassment is low, which can be attributed to underreporting due to cultural sensitivity or fear. So, identifying the reasons for refusal to report harassment, developing a clear mechanism for reporting and providing the necessary trainings to health workers are essential in order to deal with harassment
ABSTRACT
Implantation is considered as the rate-limiting step in success of assisted reproduction techniques, and intrauterine insemination cycles. It might be affected by ovarian superovulation and endometrial local scratching. This study aims to investigate the effect of local endometrial injury on the outcome of IUI cycles. In this randomized clinical trial 144 women with unexplained infertility, mild male factor, and mild endometriosis randomly divided into two study groups through block randomization. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo endometrial biopsy between days 6-8 of the previous menstrual cycle before IUI [n=72, IUI cycles =126] or receive no interventions [n=72, IUI cycles=105]. The pregnancy rate per patient was 17 [23.6%] and 14 [19.4%] in endometrial biopsy and control groups, respectively [p=0.686]. The pregnancy rate per cycle was 17/126 [13.5%] and 14/105 [13.3%] in endometrial biopsy and control groups, respectively [p=0.389]. The abortion rate was comparable between the two groups [6.9% vs. 9.7%; p=0.764]. The ongoing pregnancy rate was found to be comparable between the two study groups, as well [16.7% vs. 9.7%; p=0.325]. Endometrial thickness [p=0.609] was comparable between the groups; however E2 was significantly lower in the endometrial biopsy group [p<0.001]. Application of local endometrial injury in the cycle before the IUI cycles is not associated with increased pregnancy rate per patient and per cycle, decreased abortion, and increased endometrial thickness