Validation of the three-component model of organizational commitment questionnaire

The psychometric evaluation of the measurement models developed in Western cultures has remained an important consideration in generalizability of the constructs. The present study was designed to test the theoretical factor structure of the Meyer and Allen's model of Organizational Commitment within higher education institutions in Pakistan. The measurement model assesses employees' experience of organizational commitment as three simultaneous mindsets encompassing; affective, continuance, and normative commitment. The participants included a sample of 426 regular faculty members of public and private sector Universities located in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to analyze the data. Results of fit indices, factor loadings, consideration of reliability indices, and an understanding of the meaning of the items in relation to the Pakistani working culture were used as decision criteria to retain or exclude items within respective factors. The findings of this study provide support for the existing three factor structure of the OCQ along with the need for modification of the Continuance Commitment Scale. The findings were discussed in light of a culture-based understanding of dynamics of work and commitment

Psychological well being and work motivation amongst medical professionals

The study examines the relationship of psychological well-being and work motivation in a sample of Pakistani medical professionals. Cross sectional comparative study. The study was conducted in private [Alshifa International Hospital, Islamabad, and Islamabad Private Hospital] and public sector hospitals [Pakistan Institute of medical Sciences and Rawalpindi General Hospital] in the twin-cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2002. A sample of 120 medical professionals belonging to the private and public sector hospitals [n=60 in each] participated in the study. They were selected on the basis of purposive convenient sampling technique. The data was collected with the help of Psychological Well-Being Scale [Wb] and Work Preference Inventory [WPI] and a separately devised demographic sheet containing information about age, experience and private and public sector affiliation. The age range of the sample was between 30-60 years [M=42.97, SD=7.96]. The range of experience in service was 1-42 years [M=16.28, SD=8.43]. Scores of psychological well being had a significant inverse co-relation with extrinsic motivation [r=-0.26, p < .01]. Public and private sector doctors showed a highly significant difference in their motivational orientation [p < .01]. The relation of age with scores of well being and motivation showed a significant difference, [t=3.9, p<.001] and [t=2.41, p<0.05] between those aged 53 and above and those 41 years of age or less respectively. Compared to the private sector, the environment of public sector is perceived to be more challenging. Similarly, older medical professionals seem to be having higher psychological well-being and work motivation, compared to the younger medical professionals. However, these findings suggest the need for further exploration of some interrelated variables, which might give us insight for future policy implementation, suggesting ways for further improvement in the psychological facets of the work environment of this dynamic group of professionals

relationship between self-efficacy and depression in physically handicapped chidren

To determine the relationship between self-efficacy and depression in physically handicapped children. Descriptive Study. This study was conducted at different institutes of physically handicapped children of twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The sample consisted of 42 physically handicapped children [both boys and girls in equal number].The age range of the sample was between 13 to 17 years. The data was collected with the help of Urdu translation of Generalized Self Efficacy Scale: GSES and Beck Depression Inventory. The results showed inverse correlation between the scores of self-efficacy and depression. The correlation of scores of GSES with items of BDI pertaining to Emotional, Cognitive, Motivational and Somatic symptoms of depression showed significant inverse correlation with Emotional and Cognitive symptoms of depression [r = -.35* and -.34*]. From these findings it can be concluded that high generalized self-efficacy in children may serve as a protective factor against depression, whereas, low self-efficacy can lead them to depression