ABSTRACT
To assess the frequency of Hepatitis C viruses in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver at a tertiary care hospital. It is a descriptive study conducted at Medical unit-Ill Allied Hospital Faisalabad from January 2005 to June 2005. 112 patients were enrolled after taking verbal consent. After complete physical examination and investigations a sample size of 100 patients was calculated using 5% level of significance and margin of error as 5%. In a total of 100 patients 66 were Hepatitis C virus positive, 20 patients were found to be Hepatitis B virus positive. 9 patients were both Hepatitis B and C virus positive, 5 patients were found negative on virus screening with Elisa method. Hepatitis C virus is the most common cause of decompensated liver disease. It is the need of the hour to create more awareness and to launch educational campaigns regarding the modes of spread and prevention against Hepatitis C virus and to increase the compliance of Hepatitis B virus vaccination
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate in hospital survival of the patients admitted or presenting in cardiac emergency room with cardiac arrest as well as to look into the factors associated with success rate of CPR
Methods: Prospective study of consecutive 404 patients admitted in cardiac emergency room who received advance cardiac life support protocol after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Short term survival [Return of spontaneous respiration and circulation] and hospital survival at the time of discharge were measured. In addition, factors affecting the outcome of CPR age, gender, duration of CPR, associated arrhythmias, defibrillation and TPM implantation were also taken in account. Main outcome: Immediate survival after CPR, at 24 hours and at the time of discharge
Results: Overall 134 out of 404 patients [33%] who received advanced cardiopulmonary life support, survived to hospital discharge. Survival was better in male i.e. 37% versus 26% in female. Younger age group showed better survival i.e. 40.4% in age range of 30 to Department of Cardiology, Punjab Medical College, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. 49 years, 33% in 50 to 69 years and 28% in 70 years or older. Survival rate was 86% when CPR duration was less than 10 minutes, at 15 minutes 48% and at 20 minutes CPR time, 25% patients survived. Only 13.9% patients survived at CPR time of 30 minutes. Survival was 42% for patients with VF and 68% in those presenting with VT, 61% in fast AF with hemodynamic instability. 29% patients having TPM implantation survived of cardiac arrest. Poor survival in patients of cardiac arrest presenting with new development of LBBB i.e. 18%, best in inferior wall STEMI [32%], intermediate in anterior wall STEMI [28%]. Total of 40 patients in cardiogenic shock had cardiac arrest and 17.5% resuscitated successfully
Conclusion: Survival was highest for patients with primary cardiac arrest, with short CPR duration, young age, male gender and with tachyarrhythmia. Patients who experienced cardiac arrest at cardiac emergency room have better survival. Survival was poor in patients with cardiogenic shocks, CPR duration more than 20 minutes