ABSTRACT
Radiofrequency waves [RFW] of electronic devices and wireless communication systems affect biological systems by changing free radicals, increase lipid peroxidation and changes of antioxidant activity thereby leading to oxidative stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the RFW-induced oxidative stress in the erythrocytes and the prophylactic effect of vitamin C on these cells by measuring antioxidant enzymes activity including: glutathione peroxidase [GPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and malondialdehyde [MDA]. In this experimental study, 32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and treated daily [4 h/day] for 45 days as follows: sham, sham+vitamin C [200 mg/kg/day by nasogastric tube], RFW [exposed to 900 MHz RFW] and RFW+ vitamin C group [received vitamin C in addition to exposure to RFW]. At the end of the experiment blood sample was collected by heart puncture for measurement of antioxidant enzymes activity and MDA level. The results indicate that exposure to RFW in the test group decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and increased MDA compared with the control groups [p<0.05]. In the treated group vitamin C improved antioxidant enzymes activity and improved MDA level compared to the test group [p<0.05]. It can be concluded that RFW causes oxidative stress in erythrocytes, and vitamin C improves the antioxidant enzymes activity and decreases MDA
ABSTRACT
Various factors affects men fertility and oxidative stress as an important factor which affects fertility has recently got great concern. Oxidative stress refers to conditions of imbalance between productions of reactive oxygen species [ROS] and antioxidant defense mechanism. Reactive species of oxygen, free radicals and peroxide are produced in the cell when metabolism of oxygen is incomplete in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In this review we will consider effect of oxidative stress on male fertility and the principal antioxidant defences. Factors such as hypoxia, cytokines, growth factors, chemotherapy, radio frequency waves and UV radiation can increase ROS production. Oxidative stress as one of the strongest physiological factors can lead to damage of sperm and reduction of seminal plasma quality and thereby cause infertility in men. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic defences inhibit oxidant attack. The enzymatic defense include: superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, and catalase. The non-enzymatic defences include ascorbate [vitamin C] and a-tocopherol [vitamin E], beta carotene, and albumin, which neutralize free radicals. Oxidative stress affects male fertility through induction of lipid peroxidation, inactivation of proteins, impair of sperm motility and DNA damage
ABSTRACT
This study was investigating the effect of electromagnetic wave generated by mobile and base transceiver station [900 MHz] on liver enzymes in both mature and immature female age. In this study, 20 rats Sprague Dawley white mature female age 8 to 9 weeks and weight 180 to 200 g and 20 rats immature age 3 to 4 weeks, weight 80 to 100 g, each age group were randomly divided in two groups [control and test]. Test groups, were daily for four hours and four different times exposed to electromagnetic waves with signal generator [900 MHz], 5-meter intervals. Control groups were kept at equal condition [themperature and light] in laboratory during experiment. After at the end experimental period, blood was collected by heart puncture of all animal. Exposure to EMF generated by BTS had significant effect on liver enzymes composition in mature and immature rats. AST, ALT and ALP in immature-test groups decreased significantly compared with their respective control groups [p<0.05]. ALP in mature-test groups increased significantly compared with their respective control groups [p<0.05]. These result suggest that exposure to EMF generated by BTS has a deleterious effect on liver enzymes and that this effect is more sever in immature animals