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Objectives: Diabetic patients with higher health literacy [HL] may feel more confident in their ability to perform self-care behaviors and may have strong beliefs that diabetesrelated behaviors will lead to specific outcomes. Our study aimed to document the relationships between HL, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and diabetes self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] in Iran
Methods: We conducted a crosssectional observational study of 187 patients with T2DM. Participants completed the Functional Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, Outcome Expectations Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire
Results: Participants who received diabetes education [t = 5.79, p<0.001] and were married [F = 3.04, p<0.050] had better diabetes self-care behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between self-care behaviors and communicative HL [r = 0.455, p<0.010], critical HL [r = 0.297, p<0.010], self-efficacy [r = 0.512, p<0.010] and outcome expectations [r = 0.387, p<0.010]. Diabetes education and marital status accounted for 16.9% of the variance in diabetes self-care. Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, communicative, and critical HL explained 28.0%, 1.5%, 3.7%, and 1.4% of the variance, respectively
Conclusions: This study revealed that the potential impact of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, communicative, and critical HL should be considered in the education program for patients with diabetes. We found self-efficacy to be the most important predictor of diabetes self-care. Therefore, the use of self-efficacy theory when designing patient education interventions could enhance diabetes self-care. It is essential that health care providers assess patient's HL levels to tailor health-related information specific to a domain of HL. This would fully inform patients and promote empowerment rather than simple compliance
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Background: Although vegetables have important role to our diets but in case of infection with microbes they can act as a source of infection for variety of intestinal diseases namely cholera. Present study aimed to figure out the status of vegetable disinfection behavior and its modifiable determinants during cholera outbreak in Qom province in 2011.
Material and Methods: In a descriptive-analytic study on 554 women [who were household-keeper], vegetable disinfection behavior and its determinants were investigated. In this study, the multistage sampling method was used. A researcher-tailored questionnaire was used to gather data. The valid and reliable questionnaire was comprised of 85 questions and was completed by subjects. Then, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS software [version 19] and using Pearson correlation coefficient [CI=95%].
Results: The mean and standard error [SE] of age of subjects were about 31.24+-8.45 Women's knowledge score on use of vegetable disinfectants had a mean and SE of 71.5+-11.65. Altogether, only 15.99% of women [87 persons] reported a complete disinfection of vegetables. The strongest relationship was found between Vegetable disinfection behavior and the perceived barriers that based on Pearson correlation coefficient was a significant but reverse relationship. [r=-0.567, p=0.019].
Conclusion: Our findings showed that house-keeping women had a poor behavior regarding vegetable disinfection. Consequently, poorly-disinfected vegetables are still a prominent health problem respecting spread of intestinal diseases especially cholera.
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Background and purpose: According to investigations, not considering the side effects of anxiety on a fetus, baby and pregnancy outcomes, as a result of lack of proper training and adequate information in terms of pregnancy common cares, pregnant women hypothesize anxiety as a common sense that will be improved spontaneously. So present study was aimed at evaluating effectiveness of education on anxiety among primiparous women based on Health Belief Model [HBM].
Materials and Methods: An experimental [interventional] study matched with two randomized group. using pre-test and post-test on the 88 eligible primiparous women[n = 44 per group] was performed. Data were gathered by using a researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed. Education was conducted in three sessions [1hour for each one] tailored with HBM constructs, using lectures, group discussions, inquiries, PowerPoints and booklets. Evaluation was included implementing post-test, 4 and 8 weeks after last education session. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS [ver.20] software, using fallowing methods: statistical test including Chi-square, Independent T-test and repeated measure one way analysis of variance [ANOVA], significant level was taken less than 0.05.
Results: The achieved results indicate that the averages of age, education, job status and income were not significantly different for both groups [p>0.05].In our study, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy and individuals performance, 4 weeks after intervention [p<0.001] and 8 weeks after intervention [p<0.001] had significantly more magnitudes in case group compared to control group. After intervention, repeated measure Anova also showed a significant increase in case group regarding knowledge [from 32.1 to 89.1], perceived sensitivity [from 34.8 to 91.5], perceived severity [from 31.82 to 88.48], perceived benefits [from 39.28 to 92.41], perceived barriers [from 26.93 to 88.61], cues to action [from 24.65 to 92.03], self-efficacy [from 29.71 to 88.75] and person performance [from 28.83 to 94.63] in significant level of p<0.001. While, there was not observed significant change in control group [p<0.05].
Conclusion: According to achieved results which indicate meaningful effects of education on increasing the knowledge of pregnancy and common cares, changing people beliefs and performances in terms of pregnancy anxiety based on HBM and also considering the fact that increasing mother and babies health level leads to higher health level for families and societies, it is expected that health planners and authorities must show more respect to this issues,
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Flavonoids comprise a large group of plant metabolites, 6,000 of which have been identified to date. Some studies have shown the increased aerobic performance and maximal oxygen consumption [VO[2max]] and therefore fitness following quercetin intake as a result of elevated number of intracellular mitochondria caused by the flavonoid. This double-blind clinical trial comprised 60 male students having an athletic history of at least 3 years. Body composition, exercise performance, and some blood biomarkers were analyzed. The individuals were selected by convenient sampling, and then were assigned into four groups of equal number by using permuted block randomization. The first to fourth groups received a 500 mg supplemental quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg vitamin C pill, a 500 mg supplemental quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg placebo vitamin C pill, a 500 mg placebo quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg vitamin C pill, and a 500 mg placebo quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg placebo vitamin C pill, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. The participants were asked to continue their routine diet and physical activity during the study and they were monitored through phone calls or text messages. Lean body mass, total body water, basal metabolic rate, and total energy expenditure increased significantly in the quercetin group after intervention. On the other hand, VO[2max] increased in the "quercetin" and "quercetin + vitamin C" groups following the intervention, non-significantly. Our findings suggest that supplementation with quercetin in athletes may improve some indices of performance
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The metabolic syndrome as a branch of metabolic disorders is known as the background of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and stroke. One of the main strategies for the control and surveillance of this disease is nutrition self-management in these patients. This study aimed to determine the correlation between nutritional self-management and health promotion model constructs in women with metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study was carried out on women with metabolic syndrome in Isfahan city. 329 persons were selected from the patients with metabolic syndrome of five treatment centers of Isfahan Oil Industry in 2012. Data were collected in 11 parts using a researcher-made questionnaire, which had been designed based on the health promotion model that its validity and reliability had been assessed in a separate phase of design. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, variance, and Pearson's matrix of correlation at 95% confidence interval. The mean score of the nutrition self-management was obtained 35.1. The mean scores of health promotion model constructs was average or under average. Also, nutrition self-management had a significant correlation with knowledge, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, situational factors, husband's social support, and commitment on self-management implementation, and had a significant inverse correlation with perceived barriers, feeling related to behavior, preferences, and competitors. Considering the correlation of nutrition self-management with metabolic syndrome in women with metabolic syndrome, health promotion model constructs for educational interventions could be used for adoption of an appropriate diet in these patients
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Humans , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Promotion , Nutrition Therapy , Metabolic Syndrome , Self CareABSTRACT
Nursing is naturally a stressful job. Stress in nurses can cause depression, isolation from patients, absence and decrease in their qualification. This study aimed to determine the causes of job stress in nurses of Kashan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 189 nurses from Kashan hospitals of different wards were studied. The information collection tool was Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised [OSI-R].The most important job stress aspects in female nurses were range of roles [48.4%], role duality [40.9%] and job environment [39.6%]. In men, range of roles [57.5%], job environment [50%] and responsibility [45%] were the most significant aspects. In addition, lack of balance between skill and education and job environment requirements in both genders was the least important aspect of job stress. The results showed that the level of stress in most of the nurses was in medium level. Job factors were more involved in job stress than demographic and other factors.
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Introduction: Detrimental nutritional habits along with inactive life style in children and adolescents are severe threats to the health of this age group at present and future which predispose the society to chronic diseases for the next two decades. The aim of this study was to assess different methods of healthy life style education to adolescents considering the feasibility and applicability in school environment from the viewpoints of stakeholders and program administrators using CIPP [Context, Input, Process, Product] model
Methods: This field evaluation study was performed using CIPP model. 600 male and female students of intermediate schools in Khomeinishahr were selected and randomly assigned into 4 intervention groups including direct education to students [Group A], education by parents [Group B], education by teachers [Group C], and control group [Group D]. Education about healthy nutrition and appropriate physical activity was presented for a month using 3 different methods. The effectiveness of education was evaluated by interview with stakeholders and using questionnaire. Data related to evaluation of interventional program was gathered by a researcher made checklists adapted from CIPP checklist [Version 2007]
Results: The highest scores in the stages of "contractual agreements" and "program effectiveness" of CIPP checklist belonged to parents group [B] and direct education group [A], respectively. The results of stake holders' viewpoints [students, parents, and teachers] about the program showed that the highest score belonged to group A
Conclusion: This study recognized "direct education to students " as the most effective and practical method for healthy life style education to adolescents
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Physical activities are as one of the basic element for curing diabetes. Walking can be considered as one of the physical activities, which it doesn't need any special equipments and can be part of daily life of those have diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the effects of walking training on haemoglobin glucosile and fasting blood sugar levels in women with type 2 diabetes. This quasi-experimental interventional study was carried out on 88 women who suffered from type 2 diabetes. The data was collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, performance regarding the appropriate or correct walking and also a checklist about the amount of walking and also levels of fasting blood sugar [FBS] and hemoglobin glycosides [HbA1c] of the patients. The data was collected prior to starting interfering training. Then the interfering training was applied for the intervention group in 4 educational sessions and each one for 60 minutes during one month. Three months following the training. The data and levels of FBS and HbA1c were again collected and measured from the patients. Before training, the intervention and control groups scores of cooest walking performance was less than average and the most part of their walking was a type of light walking [%77.86 and%74.4 in intervention and control groups, respectively]. In addition, the levels of FBS and HbA1c in the patient were higher than the normal levels. Following the intervention, mean of correct walking performance and also the times spent on walking with average and heavy extents were significantly increased in the intervention group as compared with control one [P<0.0001]. Moreover, levels of FBS and HbA1c of the intervention group were significantly reduced as compared with the control group [P<0.0001]. Our findings indicate that walking education is an important method for control of FBS and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes