role of vertical parameters in the development of lower incisor crowding amongst patients

Mandibular Incisor crowding is one of the common problem faced by orthodontic patients. Many factors including skeletal discrepancy are considered responsible in the development of lower incisor crowding. The aim of the present study was to assess whether, vertical parameters such as Maxillary to Mandibular plane angle and Lower facial height play a significant role in the development of lower incisor crowding. A total 213 subjects [81 males and 132 females] were selected. Cephalogram tracings were used to determine vertical parameters such as Maxilla to Mandibular plane angle and lower Facial height and study casts were used for Lower incisor crowding. The Pearson Chi square test was used to determine whether vertical parameters play a significant part in the development of Lower incisor crowing or not. Hyper-divergent cases showed the highest percentage of Lower Incisor crowding [92.6%] followed by Normo and Hypo-divergent profiles. The Pearson Chi-Square test revealed that Vertical parameters play a significant role in the development of Lower incisor crowding [p value = 0.006] and such parameters must be kept in mind while formulating treatment strategies for patients with such complaints

comparison between U/S and CT guided needle biopsies of intrathoracic masses

To determine the role, accuracy and selection criteria of u/s and CT guided needle biopsy of intrathoracic masses. Imaging guided intrathoracic biopsies [n=100] were performed in patients of Ghulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore. U/S guidance was used for lesions abutting the chest wall. CT guidance was used for all masses surrounded by aerated lung. Location of masses, sizes, guidance modality, histologic results and complication was recorded. 20 lesions, [n=8] pleural, [n=4] chest wall, [n=1] mediastinal and [n=7] parenchymal were amenable to u/s guided biopsies. The mean mass diameter ranges b/w 5cm to 3.5 cm. No of passes 3=average and histological diagnosis was achieved in 15 cases. Only 2 cases reported for pneumothorax. CT guidance was used in 80 patients. Lesions were [n=45] parenchymal, [n=34] mediastinaland [n=1] pleural. The mass diameter ranges from 2.0 to 3.5cm and number of passes 1-2. Histological diagnosis were achieved in 78 cases included 28 with small masses. Complications included pnuemothorax seen in 4 pts and parenchymal hge [n=4]. CT guided biopsies are quite safe for mediastinal masses as compared to u/s. U/s is effective and safe in masses abutting the chest wall, debilitated and less co-operative patients

audit of laparoscopic cholecysstectomies performed at PNS Shifa

Open cholecystectomy used to be the gold standard for more than 100 years, now this has been taken over by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The operation has proved its worth because of little post operative pain, minimal scar, reduced hospital stay [1-2 days] and convalescence 1 to 2 weeks as compared to open cholecystectomy. The only problem seems to be the proper training of surgeons for safety of the patient to avoid common bile duct [CBD] and other injuries