ABSTRACT
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis and cervicitis in women and asymptomatic urethritis and prostatitis in men. Mast cells have been reported to be predominant in the vaginal smears and vaginal walls of patients infected with T. vaginalis. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activated by various stimuli also regulate the transcriptional activity of various cytokine genes in the mast cells. Because of their essential role in intracellular signaling network, also appropriate targets for pharmacological treatment of inflammatory disorders.Cultivation of T.vaginalis and HMC-1 line, preparation of TvSP, to check intracellular ROS level and degranulation by FACS, to determine phosphorylation of MAPK and p47phox by immunobloting.In this study, we investigated whether MAPK were involved ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 induced by T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP). We first examined that TvSP could induce activation of MAPK and NADPH oxidase in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of MAPK and p47phox in HMC-1 cells. Phosphorylation of p47phox is main source of ROS generation. Next, to determine involvement activation of MAPK in ROS generation and degranulation in HMC-1 cells induced by TvSP. ROS generation is required for exocytotic degranulation of mast cells induced by TvSP. Stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of p47phox, ROSgeneration, and surface up-regulation of CD63 in human mast cells. CD63 is a marker for exocytosis. Pretreatment with MAPK inhibitors strongly inhibited TvSP-induced ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation.Our results suggest that TvSP could induce intracellular ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 via MAPK signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the confronted problems of doctors and medical personnels is sexually transmitted disease has not been decreased in our country up to now. By last 5 years propagation of trichomoniasis was 16.7-9.5% per 10000 population and infected T.vaginalis. In the practice of parasitology of our country metilen is revealed by gram method hasn’t been introduced which is used in up to date histological analyse. This became the background of our research work. Aim of our research is to diagnose trichomoniasis which infects sexually by cytological analyse and to define its specific and sensibility.Materials and Methods: A total 99 smears of 33 females aged 19-39, used cross sectional descriptive method. Finding T.vaginalis on specimens (1) Vaginal wet mount, (2) Gram staining and (3) Pap stain. Result: In our research T.vaginalis leaked out in wet mount smear was 33%, in Gram stain was (21.2%). The sensibility quality of T.vaginalis on Gram stain is 63%, specific quality is 90%, value of kappa coefficient (К=0.58 Р<0.002). In Pap stain T.vaginalis diagnosed 27,2% and sensibility quality of T.vaginalis is 81%, specific quality is 100%, value of kappa coefficient (К=0.87 Р<0.005). In the case when 3 analysis were positive case was 5 or 15.2%, in the case where 2 analysis were positive case was 6 or 18.2%. Conclusions: The Pap stain sensibility quality of T.vaginalis is 81%, specific quality is 100%, value of kappa coefficient (К=0.87 Р<0.005), that shows should be to give effect on diagnosing of sexually transmitted infectious disease.
ABSTRACT
Background:Echinococcosis is from animals to humans and cause cestode zoonoses. Genetic variations within of echonoccocus and their genotypes may cause a disease as well as can indicate transmission dynamics to human and pets. At present, there are no available data for the typing of echinococcosis isolated in MongoliaMaterials and Methods:A total of 50 human hydatid samples from collected from State Centre on Maternal and Child Health, Oncology Centre of Mongolia. All samples were examined by PCR using cox1. The PCR products with a molecular size of 578 bp were amplified from human hydatid samples. Also we used RFLP method.Results:Genotype and strains of E. multilocularis and Е. granulosus were identified by RFLP. PCR products were digested using Ssp I, Hind III, Bgl II endonucleases. PCR products were digested by Ssp I endonuclease we found E. multilocularis. PCR products were digested by Bgl II endonuclease. Two major bands were seen in human hydatid sample. The bands have molecular weight of 420 and 158 bp respectively. It was infected by E. granulosus G6. Digestion with Hind III revealed two major bands within samples from human hydatids. These bands have molecular weight of 168, 410 bp respectively. These samples were infected by E. granulosus G1. Most of E. granulosus materials obtained from human patients by surgery confirmed the presence of sheep strain G1 (Bowles and McManus, 1993 a & c). In 24 cases of human hydatid echinococcosis in Mongolia sheep strain was found to be infective to humans.Conclusions:1. Echinococcosis caused by E. granulosus, E. multilocularis in human.2. G1, G6 genotypes of E. granulosus found in human hydatids.