Cytotoxicity Assessment of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) Synthesized for the Direct Fabrication of Bone Tissues

ABSTRACT A cytotoxicity study is performed on a poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer (PMMA) to be used for the fabrication of bone tissue by Rapid Prototyping (RP). The solution polymerization is conducted in a pilot plant reactor using more appropriated reagents in consideration of the medical application. Moreover, the polymer is efficiently handled to avoid the side effect of the monomer, reducing the concentration of this specie to 287,731 µg MMA/kg PMMA. The cytotoxicity of the polymer is determined through growth monitoring, adherence and morphology of L-929 cells. Additionally, MTT and LIVE/DEAD tests are performed. The results showed continuous and progressive growth of the cells on the surface of the specimens. Moreover, the material did not influence on the viability of mesenchymal cells and inverted fluorescence microscopy images showed a polyanionic dye calcein well retained in the cells in contact with the PMMA as well as the negative control after 72 hours. Thus, the polymer was efficiently synthesized and handled for the expected demands.

Lower energy and pulse stacking. A safer alternative for skin tightening using fractional CO2 laser

PURPOSE : To evaluate the effect of different energies and stacking in skin shrinkage. METHODS : Three decreasing settings of a fractional CO2 laser were applied to the abdomen of Twenty five Wistar rats divided into three groups. Group I (n=5) was histologically evaluated for microthermal zones dimensions. Groups II and III (n=10 each) were macroscopic evaluated with freeware ImageJ for area contraction immediately and after 30 and 60 days. RESULTS : No statistical significance was found within microthermal zone histological dimensions (Group I) in all settings studied. (Ablation depth: 76.90 to 97.18µm; Coagulation depth: 186.01 to 219.84 µm). In Group II, macroscopic evaluation showed that all settings cause significant immediate skin contraction. The highest setting cause significant more intense tightening effect initially, contracting skin area from 258.65 to 179.09 mm2. The same pattern was observed in Group III. At 30 and 60 days, the lowest setting significantly sustained contraction. CONCLUSION : Lower fractional CO2 laser energies associated to pulse stacking could cause consistent and long lasting tissue contraction in rats.

Paired evaluation of calvarial reconstruction with prototyped titanium implants with and without ceramic coating

PURPOSE: To investigate the osseointegration properties of prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin calcium phosphate coating. METHODS: Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were created in thirty Wistar rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were kept for 15, 45 and 90 days. Implant mechanical integration was evaluated with a push-out test. Bone-implant interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The maximum force to produce initial displacement of the implants increased during the study period, reaching values around 100N for both types of implants. Intimate contact between bone and implant was present, with progressive bone growth into the pores. No significant differences were seen between coated and uncoated implants. CONCLUSION: Adequate osseointegration can be achieved in calvarial reconstructions using prototyped Ti6Al4V Implants with the described characteristics of surface and porosity. .

Detection of Bartonella henselae in defibrinated sheep blood used for culture media supplementation

Bartonella henselae was detected in defibrinated sheep blood employed in supplementing a selective bacteria culture medium by nested PCR. We recommended that highly sensitive technical tests be run to ensure a sterile culture medium for Bartonella spp. isolation, since infected blood samples used in preparation could lead to false-positive results.

Murine virus contaminant of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection

A possibilidade de que alguma contaminacao por virus poderia estar alterando a resposta do hospedeiro a infeccao experimental por Trypasoma cruzi foi investigada. Os dados obtidos mostraram que camundongos CBA/J infectados com estoques de parasitos mantidos em camundongos (Y IUEC) apresentavam maior parasitemia e menor periodo de sobrevivencia do que os infectados com um estoque(Y ITC) que tambem foi mantido em animal mas tinha sido previamente passado em culturas de celulas. Testes de producao de anticorpos em camundongos (Map tests) realizados com o plasma de animais infectados com Y IUEC indicaram a presenca do virus da hepatite do camundongo (MHV) enquanto nenhum virus foi detectado no plasma de animais infectados com Y ITC. O plasma filtrado obtido de camundongos infectados com Y IUEC continha um fator capaz de aumentar o nivel de parasitemia e reduzir o tempo medio de sobrevivencia dos camundongos desafiados com 10 elevado a quinta potencia Y ITC. Testes de neutralizacao mostraram que este fator que podia ser passado seriadamente para camundongos era um coronavirus.

Uso do monossulfeto de tetraetiltiuram no tratamento de ectoparasitas em camundongos / Use of tetraethylthiuram monosulfide in the treatment of ectoparasites in mice

Casais de camundongos isogênicos das raças CBA, BALB/c e machos e fêmeas de Swiss heterogenéticos criados no sistema convencional, que se encontravam infectados em diferentes graus por Myobia musculi e Myocoptes musculinus, foram submetidos a quatro esquemas de tratamento com Tetmosol. A incidência de ectoparasitas na raça C57BL/10 foi apenas 1,2%. Todos os animais da raça CBA e Swiss encontravam-se parasitados, enquanto que a infestaçäo do BALB/c foi de 50 a 90%. Os melhores resultados dos 4 esquemas de tratamento testados foram observados utilizando-se Tetmosol na concentraçäo 2,5% em banhos seriados com intervalos alternados de 3 e 4 dias, num período de 21 dias. A incidência de ectoparasitas adultos em CBA, BALB/c e Swiss após o tratamento foi de respectivamente 0%, 40% e 0%, enquanto que para ovos viáveis os repectivos resultados foram de 20%, 50% e 0%. Após a introduçäo de matrizes tratadas num sistema de criaçäo sob barreiras, a colônia tem sido examinada sistematicamente há 24 meses e encontra-se isenta de ectoparasitas