ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: la ocurrencia de enfermedades tropicales fuera de los trópicos tienen carácter prioritario en la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas emergentes en la salud boliviana del siglo XXI. OBJETIVO: evaluar en la ciudad de La Paz la presencia de Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas con énfasis en Dengue, desafiando la visión tradicional de que su presencia está restringida a áreas tropicales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, de noviembre de 2012 a febrero de 2013 en 876 pacientes que acudieron por derivación o iniciativa propia al consultorio recién implementado de Medicina Tropical en el Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA) en la ciudad de La Paz. RESULTADOS: en 4 meses de atención se realizaron los exámenes clínicos de especialidad al total de pacientes provenientes de 6 departamentos, dando como resultado que 44 presentaban síndrome febril; con apoyo de los exámenes de laboratorio generales y específicos solicitados, se concluyó que 34 padecían dengue, 3 malaria por Plasmodium vivax, 1 leptospirosis y 3 con etiologías de origen bacteriano. CONCLUSIÓN: en la ciudad de La Paz existe una presencia significativa de casos de Patologías Tropicales, principalmente dengue y malaria, por lo que el sistema de salud debe considerar la necesidad de servicios de atención específicos para estas patologías, con el fin de brindar atención oportuna a estas enfermedades cada vez más prevalentes en la zona andina del país(AU)
INTRODUCTION: the occurrence of tropical diseases outside the tropics is a priority in the prevention of emerging infectious diseases in Bolivian health for the XXI century. OBJECTIVE: evaluate in La Paz city the presence of Tropical Diseases, with an emphasis on Dengue, defying the traditional vision that their presence is restricted to tropical areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: from November 2012 to February 2013, a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out in 876 patients who came by referral or on their own initiative to the recently implemented Tropical Medicine clinic at the National Institute of Health Laboratories (INLASA) in the city of La Paz. RESULTS: in 4 months of care, specialty clinical examinations were performed on all patients from 6 departments, resulting in 44 presenting febrile syndrome; With the support of the general and specific laboratory tests requested, it was concluded that 34 suffered from dengue, 3 from Plasmodium vivax malaria, 1 from leptospirosis, and 3 from etiologies of bacterial origin. CONCLUSION: in the city of La Paz exists a significant presence of Tropical Pathologies cases, mainly dengue and malaria, so the health system must consider the need for specific care services for these pathologies, in order to provide timely care for these increasingly prevalent diseases in the Andean area of the country(AU)
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introducción. En 1997, en el departamento de Tarija, Bolivia, situado en la frontera con Argentina, se notificó por primera vez la presencia de pacientes con úlceras en las partes descubiertas de la piel, cuyas características clínicas y epidemiológicas correspondían a leishmaniasis. Objetivo. Describir y comprobar la presencia de leishmaniasis en Tarija, sexto departamento endémico en Bolivia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio del brote (noviembre de 1998 a diciembre de 2002) y un estudio longitudinal (1997 a 2018) en humanos; además, se capturaron Phlebotominae y potenciales reservorios. Resultados. Se registraron 1.250 pacientes de leishmaniasis; 190 y 249 casos, en los brotes de 1998 y 2002, respectivamente, con periodos interepidémicos de 37 casos como promedio anual. El 68 % de los enfermos eran pobladores migrantes del altiplano asentados en viviendas precarias cercanas al bosque residual; el sexo predominante fue el masculino (2/1). El grupo etario económicamente activo (15 a 49 años) fue el más afectado (363/584, 62 %). Hubo 124/584 (21 %) menores de 15 años, 33/584 de menos de cuatro años. En 51/584 (8,7 %) pacientes se presentaron lesiones mucosas. Se aisló y caracterizó Leishmania (V.) braziliensis de úlceras mucosas de perros enfermos y se capturó abundantemente la especie antropofílica Nyssomyia neivai, incriminada como probable vector. Conclusiones. En 1997 se comprobó por primera vez la presencia de leishmaniasis tegumentaria en el municipio de Bermejo y, en el 2018, ya se había extendido a cuatro municipios: Padcaya, Caraparí, Entre Ríos y Yacuiba, en dirección noreste del departamento de Tarija.
Introduction: In the department of Tarija in the Bolivian-Argentine border, human cases with ulcers on uncovered parts of the skin plus clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to leishmaniasis were reported for the first time in 1997. Objective: To describe and to verify the presence of leishmaniasis in Tarija, sixth endemic department in Bolivia. Materials and methods: We conducted both an outbreak study (November, 1998, to December, 2002) and a longitudinal study (1997 to 2018) in humans, as well as captures of Phlebotominae and potential reservoirs. Results: A total of 1,250 patients were registered; in the outbreaks, 190 (1998) to 249 cases (2002) were reported and inter-epidemic periods with 37 cases as an annual average; 68% of the patients were highland migrants who inhabited precarious housing near residual forests. The predominant sex was male (ratio 2:1); the most affected group (363/584 cases, 62%) was the economically active (15 to 49 years old); 124/584 cases (21%) were children under 15 years old, 33/584 of them were under 4 years old; 51 patients/584 (8.7%) had mucosal lesions. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis was isolated and characterized from mucous ulcers of sick dogs. Nyssomyia neivai, an abundant anthropophilic species incriminated as a probable vector, was captured. Conclusions: The initial 1997 leishmaniosis presence in the municipality of Bermejo had spread out over four municipalities in 2018 (Padcaya, Caraparí, Entre Ríos, and Yacuiba), northeast of the department of Tarija.
Subject(s)
Bolivia , Leishmaniasis , Argentina , Leishmania braziliensisABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION In Bolivia, before 1982 there were no records of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases that would allow us to review and describe the temporospatial occurrence of VL by ecoregions in provinces and departments of Bolivia to evaluate its impact on public health, risk of outbreaks, or dispersion. METHODS This update on VL in Bolivia is based on research, reviews, and retrospective literature analyses of online data and libraries and institutional reports, from 1939 to the present. RESULTS In Bolivia, 56 cases of VL have been reported. Until 2014, only three endemic departments had been identified (La Paz, Santa Cruz, and Tarija). Since then, further cases have been recorded in Pando, Cochabamba, and Beni, and in Chuquisaca in 2015. In Yungas, a VL focus was confirmed by isolating and comparing parasites from human and dog cases, and from the Lu. longipalpis vector. VL cases from seven departments, involving 12 different ecoregions were located within the Amazon and Plata basins. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that dogs are its primary reservoir, and Lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector (currently dispersed in six departments). The primary vectors in areas where Lutzomyia longipalpis is absent are Migonemyia migonei and Lutzomyia cruzi.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Dogs , Young Adult , Psychodidae , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Bolivia/epidemiology , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Insect VectorsABSTRACT
El artículo se refiere al control de las enfermedades de Malaria, Chagas, Leishmaniasis, Arenavirus, epidemias recurrentes del arbovirosis y multiples zoonosis, a raiz de los chaqueos en la gestión 2019 que se dio a nivel nacional, una gran perdida de hábitat, fauna y biodiversidad.