ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the mechanism of formation of air quality and to determine the impact of the studied factors on asthma morbidity in Vladivostok. Methods: The evaluation of air pollution in Vladivostok was done using long-term (2008–2012) monitoring data (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, etc.). The levels of suspended particulate matter, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde (mg/m3) in six stationary observation posts were assessed. We studied the aerosol suspensions of solid particles, which were collected during snowfall from precipitation (snow) and air in 14 districts with different levels of anthropogenic impact. Melted snow was analyzed on laser granulometry. The impact of air pollution on the distribution of asthma morbidity was evaluated in various age groups by data of federal statistical observation obtained from 8 adults and 7 children municipal clinics in Vladivostok (2008–2012). Results: The content of suspended particulate components of pollution remained more stable, due to the features of atmospheric circulation, rugged terrain and residential development. The nano- and micro-sized particles (0–50 mm), which can absorb highly toxic metals, prevail in dust aerosols. These respirable fractions of particles, even in small doses, can contribute to the increase in asthma morbidity in the city. Conclusions: We determined that asthma morbidity depends from general air pollution (in the range of 18.3%). It was detected that the highest age-specific dependence is associated with the content of particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in air.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To propose an original method of surgical treatment for the acromial extremity of the clavicle rupture (Rockwood II-VI) with modeled Kirschner wire and cortical screw. Methods:Anatomical study and a test method were applied to 43 cadavers of both sexes. During the period between 2000 and 2013, 34 patients of both sexes were operated upon using the new method. In the comparison group (n=120), the fixation of the acromial extremity of the clavicle rupture was performed with hamate plate, Lee hook and Kirschner wires. Results:Its application allows, according to the evaluation scale of Constant and Murley (1987), 10%more preservation of the function of the shoulder compared with traditional methods of surgical treatment, and shortens the required hospital treatment and temporary disability periods. Conclusions: It is shown that the proposed author’s method combines low invasiveness, minimum dimensions of the construction and low-cost treatment.