ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: la investigación sobre rasgos de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil de personalidad de pacientes con trasplante renal, utilizando el modelo alternativo de cinco factores (AFFM), y compararlo con población estándar española. Material y métodos: la personalidad fue evaluada mediante el Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Una muestra de 207 pacientes con trasplante renal se emparejó por edad y género con 207controles de la población estándar. El análisis de regresión logística permitió estudiar la aportación de cada dimensión del ZKPQ al perfil distintivo de los pacientes trasplantados. Resultados: aparecieron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.001), Agresión-Hostilidad (p=.009) y Actividad (p=.001), con puntuaciones bajas en pacientes trasplantados en comparación con la población estándar. La sociabilidad (p=.024) fue significativamente mayor en pacientes trasplantados. En el análisis de regresión, las bajas puntuaciones en Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.005) y Actividad (p=.001) fueron predictores significativos para caracterizar los rasgos de personalidad de pacientes trasplantados. Conclusiones: desde el AFFM, los pacientes con trasplante renal muestran un perfil diferente de personalidad comparado con la población estándar, con bajas puntuaciones en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad y Actividad.
Abstract Background: There is limited research on personality traits that characterized kidney transplant patients. The aim of this study was to describe personality profile of kidney transplant patients using the Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM), and compared it with the Spanish standard population. Method: Personality was assessed using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). A sample of 207 kidney transplant patients was matched by age and gender with 207 standard range controls. A logistic regression analyses was utilized to study the contribution of each ZKPQ dimension to describe the distinctive transplant patient's profile. Results: Significant differences were showed in Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.001), Aggression-Hostility (p=.009), and Activity (p=.001) dimensions, with lower scores on transplant patients compared with standard population. But Sociability (p=.024) was significantly higher on kidney transplant patients. In logistic regression analysis low scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.005) and Activity (p=.001) were the significant predictors to characterize personality traits of kidney transplant patients. Conclusions: Kidney transplant patients had a differential profile under the AFFM compared to standard range sample, with lower scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity dimensions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Personality , Patients , Spain , Kidney Transplantation , Biobehavioral SciencesABSTRACT
Introducción: La utilización el COPE en contextos clínicos permite conocer las estrategias que utilizan las personas para afrontar situaciones estresantes y por ende incidir sobre ellas mediante tratamiento psicológico. Objetivo: presentar a la comunidad científica de habla hispana la versión española del COPE-48 junto con las propiedades psicométricas obtenidas en una muestra de personas adultas con psicopatología. Métodos: la muestra estuvo formada por 301 participantes (62.5% mujeres). Resultados: la consistencia interna media de las escalas es de 0.81. Nuestros resultados muestran un patrón diferencial en la utilización de las estrategias según el género. Conclusiones: la administración del COPE-48 en contextos clínicos es de gran utilidad práctica, puesto que permite conocer de modo rápido, fácil y preciso las estrategias más frecuentemente utilizadas por los pacientes para afrontar situaciones altamente demandantes. Dicho conocimiento permite intervenir mediante tratamiento psicológico para instaurar, potenciar o minimizar las estrategias necesarias para afrontar una determinada situación comprometida.
Introduction: In clinical settings, the COPE questionnaire allows to assess the strategies people use to cope with stressful situations and therefore, if needed, to modify them through psychological treatment. Objective: The aim of this study is to offer to the Spanish-speaking scientific community the Spanish version of the COPE-48 along with the psychometric properties obtained in a sample of adults with psychopathology. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 301 participants (62.5% women). Results: The average internal consistency of the scales was 0.81. Our results showed a gender pattern in the use of the coping strategies. Conclusions: In clinical settings, the administration of the COPE-48 allows a quick, easy and accurate assessment of the most frequently used strategies to cope with highly demanding situations. This knowledge makes possible to intervene with psychological treatment and whenever appropriate to establish, enhance or minimize the strategies needed to face difficult situations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Adaptation, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mental Disorders/psychology , Psychometrics , Translations , Self Report , Ambulatory CareABSTRACT
The objective was to evaluate the nutritional status of preschool children in the rural areas in order to establish a baseline for the measurement of the impact of a Government Nutrition Education Project (NUTED) in forthcoming years. The household cross-sectional survey was carried out on a representative sample of the rural population. The sample was stratified in order to portray the nutritional status of the children in the northern regions (more thinly populated) and in the southern regions: one stratum for small towns (between 2000 and 30,000 inhabitants) and 4 strata for rural localities. The sampling method used was by clusters of 30 children, distributed randomly in 20 zones per stratum. The nutritional indices of 2429 children were calculated and analysed according to WHO recommendations. The prevalence of the different types of malnutrition was 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 24.2-30.8) for stunting (height-for-age retardation) and 5.5% (CI = 4.2-6.8) for wasting (weight-for-height retardation). Both types coexisted among 1.9% of the children; 23% of children were underweight for their age (CI = 21.6-26.2), and 15.8% (CI = 14.7-16.9) aged greater than 12 months had a mid-arm circumference below 135 mm. No sex difference was observed in the results. Stunting seems to appear in the second trimester of life (3-5 months), and wasting appeared between 9 and 23 months (highest rate between 12 and 17 months: 14.0% (CI = 9.3-18.8], which presents a real public health problem. The stratification did not show any significant differences in nutritional status among the children living in rural zones and those living in the small towns. However, the prevalence of malnutrition in the rural zones was 2 or 3 times higher than that observed in 1986 in Brazzaville. The division of the country into five main ecological zones allows some useful comparisons, e.g., the prevalence of stunting ranges from 15.5% (CI = 12.8-18.2) in the northern inundated forest zone to 38.8% (CI = 32.9-44.7) in the southern forests of Mayombe and Chaillu. The diet also varied, the frequency of animal protein consumption on the preceding day ranging from 76.3% to 59.1% in the different zones. The Republic of the Congo differs from other African countries in having relatively lower rates of stunting but an astonishingly high prevalence of wasting
Subject(s)
Congo , Nutrition Surveys , Nutritional Status , Reproducibility of Results , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Le jeune enfant est un etre particulierement fragile. Pour lui assurer une croissance et un developpement harmonieux; pour le proteger au maximum contre les maladies et les accidents; de nombreuses mesures doivent etre prises. Ces mesures sont developpees dans le present manuel