ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and therapeutic outcomes of transverse testicular ectopia (TTE).Methods:Clinical data of 8 cases of TTE treated in the Department of the First Urologic Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital and Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2004 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment and follow-up results of TTE were summarized.Results:The age of 8 cases of TTE was 1 year 5 months to 5 years.Among the 8 cases of TTE, 6 cases were involved with the left side and 2 cases with the right side.All patients were admitted due to scrotal emptiness.Three cases were combined with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) and 1 case combined with hypospadias.Preoperative diagnosis of TTE was definitely made in 5 cases, involving 4 cases diagnosed by ultrasound and 1 case diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.Laparoscopy was performed in 2 cases, including 1 case treated with laparoscopic scrotopexy, and the other one transferred to an open surgery of trans-septal orchiopexy due to poor development of the spermatic cord.Open surgery was performed in 6 cases, including 1 case with bilateral testicular fixation in the ipsilateral scrotum due to adhesion of spermatic cord closely, and 5 cases with trans-septal orchiopexy.Müllerian ducts residues were excised during surgery in 3 cases combined with PMDS.Postoperative wound infection or hematoma was not reported in all cases.Orchiepididymitis and the involvement of contralateral testes occurred in 1 case treated with trans-septal orchiopexy at 11 months postoperatively, which were relieved after anti-inflammatory treatment.All cases were postoperatively followed up for 3-48 months, and the development and blood supply of bilateral testes were detected normal by ultrasonography.Postoperative testicular atrophy was not reported.Conclusions:The possibility of TTE should be considered in patients with unilateral cryptorchidism combined with contralateral inguinal mass.Ultrasonography is preferred to the diagnosis of TTE.Laparoscopic surgery plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of TTE, which is helpful to identify abnormalities in the Müllerian duct structure.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expression of miR-527 in bladder cancer (BC) and its effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.Methods:From February 2018 to June 2019, the immortalized human bladder epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 and human bladder cancer cell lines T24, UM-UC-3, 5637 and RT-112 were cultured in vitro. Real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-527 in BC bladder cancer tissues and adjacent normal bladder tissues, human bladder cancer cell lines and human bladder epithelial immortalized cell lines. MiR-527 mimics, miR-527 inhibitor, ENO1 overexpression plasmid, ENO1 siRNA and corresponding negative control were transfected into bladder cancer cell line. CCK8 test, clone formation test and Transwell test were used to study the cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the target gene of miR-527. Western blotting was used to analyze the regulation of miR-527 on target gene expression.Result:Compared with normal bladder tissue, the expression of miR-527 in bladder cancer was significantly lower (1.723±1.070 vs. 1.148±0.760, P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-527 in T24 (0.540±0.082), UM-UC-3 (0.230±0.053), 5637(0.463±0.085) and RT-112 (0.310±0.056) were significantly lower than those in SV-HUC-1 cells (0.987±0.111) with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Compared with the negative control (NC) group, CCK8 assay results showed that the cell viability was significantly decreased after transfection of miR-527 mimics into UM-UC-3 cells ( P<0.05). The clone formation test showed that the number of cell clones in UM-UC-3 cells transfected with miR-527 mimics was significantly lower than that in the control group (157.00±15.52 vs 57.33±15.50, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the cell activity of T24 cells transfected with miR-527 inhibitor was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of cell clone formation was significantly increased (76.67±9.07 vs. 141.70±10.50, P<0.05). According to the prediction of targetscan database, ENO1 was the target gene of mir-527. Luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that the luciferase activity of mir-527 mimics group was significantly lower than that of control group (0.99±0.02 vs. 0.47±0.10, P<0.05), while the luciferase activity of miR-527 mimics group was significantly lower than that of control group (0.99 ± 0.02 vs. 0.47 ± 0.10, P<0.05), without statistical significance (1.03±0.04 vs. 0.96±0.05, P>0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of ENO1 in miR-527 mimics group was significantly lower than that in NC mimics group (1.09±0.17 vs. 0.31±0.13, P<0.05), and the expression of ENO1 in miR-527 inhibitor group and NC inhibitor group were significantly increased (0.97±0.09 vs. 2.17±0.15, P<0.05). Compared with miR-527 mimics group, transfection of miR-527 mimics+ ENO1 overexpression plasmid could reduce the inhibitory effect of miR-527 mimics on proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cell line ( P<0.05). Compared with miR-527 inhibitor group, transfection of miR-527 inhibitor+ ENO1 siRNA could weaken the inhibit effect of miR-527 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cell lines ( P<0.05). Conclusion:miR-527 is low expressed in BC and can be used as a tumor suppressor gene to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells.