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Objective:To examine the concordance between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in determining body composition of children aged between 3 and 6.Methods:A total of 230 children aged 3-6 from a kindergarten in Jinnan, Tianjin were enrolled in this study from November 16 th to December 8 th, 2017.The soft lean mass (SLM) and the body fat mass (BFM) of the children were measured by using BIA and DXA.The children were divided into several groups by sex, age and body mass index (BMI). The consistency of the body composition results between BIA and DXA in each group was analyzed. Results:The SLM and BFM assessed by BIA were significantly correlated with those measured by DXA ( R2=0.951, 0.947, all P<0.001). The Bland-Altman plots suggested that the SLM measured by BIA was 0.70 kg(95% CI: -1.78-0.38) higher in that by DXA, and the BFM measured by BIA was 1.36 kg (95% CI: 0.19-2.52) lower in that by DXA.A similar trend could be seen in children stratified by age, sex and BMI.The SLM of boys and girls measured by BIA was 0.57 kg (95% CI: -1.63-0.49) and 0.84 kg (95% CI: -1.88-0.20) higher than those by DXA, respectively.The BFM of boys and girls measured by BIA was 1.23 kg (95% CI: 0.11-2.36) and 1.49 kg (95% CI: 0.34-2.64) lower than that by DXA, respectively.The SLM measured by BIA was 0.67 kg (95% CI: -1.74-0.41), 0.76 kg (95% CI: -1.65-0.13), 0.69 kg (95% CI: -1.85-0.47) and 0.67 kg (95% CI: -1.75-0.41) higher than those by DXA in the 3 to 6-year-old groups, respectively.The BFM measured BIA was 1.09 kg (95% CI: -0.12-2.30), 1.44 kg (95% CI: 0.60-2.28), 1.39 kg (95% CI: 0.15-2.64)and 1.43 kg(95% CI: 0.38-2.48)lower than that by DXA in the 3 to 6-year-old groups, respectively.Moreover, the smallest difference of the SLM and BFM were observed between BIA and DXA in the obese child.The SLM deviation between BIA and DXA was estimated within ± 0.39 kg and the BFM deviation was within ± 0.93 kg. Conclusions:There is high consistency between BIA and DXA in the assessment of the SLM and BFM of children aged from 3 to 6.
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Objective To investigate the influence of different intervention models on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Methods Eighty-eight children aged from 12-46 months and newly diagnosed ASD were randomly assigned to different intervention models, including standard intervention group (T1, n=55), non-standard intervention group (T2, n=11), and family intervention group (T3, n=22). The intervention data was recorded including time and methods. Chinese revised version of Psycho-Educational Profile (C-PEP) and social adaptive behavior scale were used to test the development quota?tion (DQ) before and after intervention. Results There were significant statistical differences in C-PEP scale and pathologi?cal score before and after intervention in T1 group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the pathological score, in?terpersonal and cooperative behaviors, sensory patterns and language barriers after intervention in T2 group (P<0.05). And there were no significant changes in the developmental quotient. The perception, gross motor, cognitive performance and the developmental quotient of oral cognition were significantly reduced after the intervention in T3 group (P<0.05). There was no significant change in pathology score. Results showed that there were significant differences in the imitation, perception, cognitive performance, oral cognition and general development before and after the intervention between three groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion A significant effect is found in children with autism spectrum disorder after standard intervention.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplement on subjects with different 5, 10-methylenetet-rahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes. Methods One hundred and eleven healthy women were divided into CC, CT and TT groups according to their MTHFR C677T genotypes. In each group subjects were randomly sub-divided into interven-tion (400 μg/d folic acid supplement) and control (usual diet) groups. The plasma folate, red blood cell (RBC) folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration were measured at baseline and two months after intervention. Results The plasma folate was lower and the plasma Hcy was higher in the TT genotype than those in CC or CT genotypes (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). After two months of intervention, the levels of plasma folate, RBC folate concentration increased while the plasma Hcy concen-tration decreased in all three intervention groups. Although the plasma folate concentration increased the most obvious in TT genotype than that of CC and CT genotypes, P＜0.05), the plasma Hcy concentration decreased the most obvious in TT geno-type than that of CT genotype, P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the MTHFR TT genotype was a risk factor of high Hcy concentration, which was 8.078 times compared with that of CC genotype (P＜0.05). Conclusion Folic acid sup-plement can significantly increase plasma folate and red cell folate concentration, and reduce plasma Hcy concentration in all MTHFR genotypes. TT genotype was the most dangerous in disorder of folic metabolic and high Hcy concentration. However, low-dose folic acid supplement cannot reduce the risk of high Hcy concentration.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in Tianjin,and to establish early screening of DDH in China.Methods System of health care for maternity and children in Tianjin were used to perform early ultrasound-screening program for DDH during the first 6weeks of life.The infants with abnormal conditions or suspected ultrasound results were transferred to Tianjin hospital.All the infants were clinically examined by experienced pediatric orthopaedic physician.Anteroposterior pelvic X-rays were taken for suspected infants to make a definite diagnosis.Results Hip ultrasound examinations were performed for 94 443 infants between December 26,2009 and December 25,2010.The 136 cases (165 hips) were suspected as DDH and 168 cases (200 hips) were diagnosed as DDH by ultrasound.All of them were transferred to Tianjin hospital.Among suspected patients,the positive signal of Ortolani or Barlow was found in 10 cases (11 hips).The DDH signal on the radiograph was positive in 73 cases (84 hips).Two hundred and fifty-one infants (295 hips) were finally diagnosed as DDH.There were 40 boys and 211 girls.Also,left hips and infants bom in autumn or winter were more often involved.The prevalence of DDH in Tianjin area was 2.66% (251/94 443).Conclusion Accurate early detection and diagnosis of DDH could be expected with the Tianjin pattern of preliminary screening,secondary screening and definite diagnosis.Careful clinical examination and X-ray are important for diagnosis.
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Objective:To investigate the early behavioral characteristics of children with autism within the age of 1.5 to 3 years in order to provide basis for early diagnosis and intervention. Methods: Using mass random sampling, 8006 children aged 1.5 to 3 years in nine districts in Tianjin were screened with a self-made questionnaire. Totally 432 children with suspected autism were diagnosed and rated according to the diagnosing criteria of DSM-Ⅳ and assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Their behavioral characteristics were assessed with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the early behaviors were compared between the children with autism and the normal children. Results: Children with autism in infants and suspicious positive group were different from normal children in 9 items such as" Abnormal language skills", "No index points the light", "No acts of posing as the game", "Could not normally play with toys, "and others(P <0.05). Children with autism in infants were different from suspicious positive group in 5 items such as"Children have no eye contact with others". The items with positive rate higher than 95% were interpersonal communicate barriers, mimic the functional deficiencies, language communicate barriers, non-verbal communication barriers and mental deficiency in CARS. The results of ABC showed that severe autism had much higher scores than mild to moderate autism both in the sense (S) and body function(B) areas [(8.00 ±3.30) vs. (5.15 ±2.58), (12.00 ±6.12) vs. (6.15 ±3.26); Ps <0.05]. Conclusion: The develop mental and behavioral symptoms can exist in early period of life of children with alltism, to which highly attention should be paid.