ABSTRACT
Background: Depression is a common mental disorder results due to deficiency of neurotransmitter in the brain. Various medicinal properties of jatamansi are mentioned in Ayurveda. This study evaluated effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of rhizomes of Nordostachys jatamansi DC per se and in combination with fluoxetine in wistar albino rats and swiss albino mice.Methods: Animals of either sex were selected and randomly divided in test group. Jatamansi extract 10:1 and fluoxetine hydrochloride dissolved in distilled water were used. Animals were tested for forced swimming test, tail suspension test and locomotor after given test drug. Results were compared with control and analysed.Results: Nardostachys jatamansi DC, when given to rats showed dose dependent increase in number of rotation during forced swimming test in rats. During forced swimming test in glass jar statistically significant decrease in immobility was observed. Nardostachys jatamansi DC, when given to mice dose dependent statistically significant decrease in immobility time, swimming time and climbing observed. When given along with combination of fluoxetine it shows statistically significant difference in result, confirmed that it can have synergistic antidepressant activity. When used for locomotor activity in mice none of the test drugs significantly increase or decrease the locomotor activity.Conclusions: Jatamansi showed antidepressant like property in various tests conducted on rats and mice. It showed statistically significant result with increasing dose and had synergic effect when given along with fluoxetine.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used in the diagnosis and management of patients with prostate cancer. It may be elevated in other prostatic diseases and surgical procedures. PSA exists in two forms, a major bound form (cPSA) and a free form (fPSA). Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between serum fPSA levels and histologic findings in biopsy specimens of men with prostatic disease. Material and methods: This study includes 80 cases of prostatic diseases and 20 controls for the study were taken from the patients admitted in surgical wards with no prostate related complain, in different age were planned for transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). All the cases and controls were evaluated by serum prostate specific antigen level. Results: The median serum fPSA values for control, malignant and nonmalignant lesions were 3.66 ± 0.029 ng/ml, 20.33 ± 0.0106 ng/ml and 6.47 ± 0.8127 ng/ml respectively. Mean serum PSA values in cases of prostatic hyperplasia with or without dysplasia (PIN: Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia I to III), prostatitis, well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were 6.49 ng/ml, 5.35 ng/ml, 18.92 ng/ml and 31.6 ng/ml respectively. Cut off value of serum PSA 4 ng/ml the sensitivity, specifically and positive predictive value were 100 % and 14.28 % respectively while using 10 ng/ml the findings were 77.77 %, 92.95% and 58.33% respectively. Difference is highly significant between control cases and nonmalignant cases, (p < 0.001) as well as between nonmalignant cases and malignant cases (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In cases of prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis and prostatic malignancy serum fPSA value increases significantly (P < 0.001) above the standard (0 to 4 ng/ml) as compare to control and nonmalignant group. Statistically there is significant difference in serum fPSA values between control cases and non malignant cases as well between nonmalignant cases and malignant cases of prostate, but when serum PSA values are between 4.0 to10.0 ng/ml.