ABSTRACT
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is a threat to animal and public health worldwide. Till date, the H5N1 virus has claimed 402 human lives, with a mortality rate of 58% and has caused the death or culling of millions of poultry since 2003. In this study, we have designed three siRNAs (PB2-2235, PB2-479 and NP-865) targeting PB2 and NP genes of avian influenza virus and evaluated their potential, measured by hemagglutination (HA), plaque reduction and Real time RT-PCR assay, in inhibiting H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Navapur/7972/2006) replication in MDCK cells. The siRNAs caused 8- to 16-fold reduction in virus HA titers at 24 h after challenged with 100TCID50 of virus. Among these siRNAs, PB2-2235 offered the highest inhibition of virus replication with 16-fold reduction in virus HA titer, 80% reduction in viral plaque counts and 94% inhibition in expression of specific RNA at 24 h. The other two siRNAs had 68–73% and 87–88% reduction in viral plaque counts and RNA copy number, respectively. The effect of siRNA on H5N1 virus replication continued till 48h (maximum observation period). These findings suggest that PB2-2235 could efficiently inhibit HPAI H5N1 virus replication.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The study was conducted to assess the synergistic poly-herbal formulation for diabetic patients to determine its three characteristics reducing excessive sugar level to normal, immune-potentiating and antioxidant. Study Design: Subjects were divided into four groups, Group I(NH), were normal healthy subjects, Group II(DI), were diabetics, group III (TTD) were tolbutamide treated diabetic patients, group IV(HFTD), were diabetic patients receiving combination herbal formulation in the, dosage of 5 g. /day for 4 weeks. Place of Study: Diabetic patients were contacted and convinced from two Government Hospitals-Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal and K. N. Katju hospital, Bhopal, (M.P.), India. Methodology: homogenous mixtures were obtained and encapsulated 500mg/per capsule. PMNL were isolated from blood and glucose level tests performed by autoanalyzer. Immune- potentiating activity was evaluated by different following methods like a ATPase sensitivity tests, cellular water content, cell, plasma membrane calcium content, Camp activity, Phaspholipase-C activity, contact angle measurement, NBT assay. Antioxidant activity evaluates by SOD and glutathione peroxidase methods. Results: Encouraging results prompt that, herbal formulation, which could be proved on excellent sugar level regulator. For efficient phagocytosis by PMNL such as membrane potential, cellular water content, calcium homeostatic, calcium messenger system, contact angle i.e. hydrophobicity measurement and finally particle internalization and Phagocytic index. result were exciting with herbal formulation since it was found to effective in correction of cell parameters related to phagocytosis and remarkable recovery in antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In summary, the results obtained in the present investigation demonstrated\ that the present formulation beneficial in management of diabetic complication.