ABSTRACT
Aims: This study was carry out to determine the dose effect of aqueous and hydro-ethanol C. colocynthis fruit extracts on some properties and serum biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Random trial. Place and Duration of Study: University of Douala-Cameroon. Faculty of Science. Laboratory of Biochemistry, between April 2017 and June 2017. Methodology: Forty two albino male rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinus), aged 2 to 3 months and weighing 150- 200 g were used in this study. Animals were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups of six rats each. One group was used as healthy control and diabetes was induced in the 6 others groups by intraperitoneal injection with alloxan monohydrate into tail veins. Five diabetic groups received oral glibenclamide (3mg/kg), 50 and 100 mg/kg bw of aqueous or hydro-ethanol fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis respectively The remaining group was assigned as diabetic control rats. Body weight and serum biochemical parameters (glucose, lipids, transaminases and creatinine) were recorded weekly during 3 weeks. Results: Diabetes induction of with alloxan significantly (p = .05) increases blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, transaminases (AST, ALT) and creatinine blood level. Treatment of rats with hydro-ethanol extract (100 mg/kg.bw) steadily reduces (80.44%) glycemia but cause a significant increase of the liver relative mass, AST (138.38 IU/l) and ALT (152.35 IU/l) blood levels (p = .05). Administration of 50 mg/kg bw hydro-ethanol and aqueous extracts significantly reduce the glucose (22-46.44%), triglycerides, total cholesterol, transaminases and creatinine blood levels (72 to 85 %) (p = .05). Conclusion: The administration of glibenclamide (3mg/kg), 50 and 100 mg/kg bw aqueous extracts and 50 mg/kg bw hydro ethanol extracts significantly reversed the damage associated with Alloxan induced diabetes close to the normal. The dose of 100 mg/kg bw hydro ethanol extracts should be avoided because of it toxic effects.
ABSTRACT
Cameroon, a west-central African country with a ~20 million population, is commonly regarded as ‘Africa in miniature’ due to the extensive biological and cultural diversities of whole Africa being present in a single-country setting. This country is inhabited by ancestral human lineages in unique eco-climatic conditions and diverse topography. Over 90% Cameroonians are at risk of malaria infection, and ~41% have at least one episode of malaria each year. Historically, the rate of malaria infection in Cameroon has fluctuated over the years; the number of cases was about 2 million in 2010 and 2011. The Cameroonian malaria control programme faces an uphill task due to high prevalence of multidrug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant malaria vectors. Above all, continued human migration from the rural to urban areas as well as population exchange with adjoining countries, high rate of ecological instabilities caused by deforestation, poor housing, lack of proper sanitation and drainage system might have resulted in the recent increase in incidences of malaria and other vector-borne diseases in Cameroon. The available data on eco-environmental variability and intricate malaria epidemiology in Cameroon reflect the situation in the whole of Africa, and warrant the need for in-depth study by using modern surveillance tools for meaningful basic understanding of the malaria triangle (host-parasite-vector-environment).