Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Haul Truck Operators of the Mining Sector Working a Rotational Schedule

Abstract Background: Due to the growing concern about work-related social and health aspects, occupational health and safety has become relevant. Objective: This work aims to develop a model to assist cardiovascular risk management in a team of haul truck operators, who work in rotating shifts at a mining company in Brazil. Methods: This longitudinal study evaluated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of 191 mineworkers at three times points - 2010, 2012, and 2015. In addition, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases was calculated, and the risk factors were analyzed using the chi-square test, the U Mann-Whitney test, and binary logistic regression. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: In the study period, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides levels of the study group increased. In 2015, there was a high prevalence of alcohol intake, overweight or obesity, central obesity, inadequate WHR, high blood pressure, total cholesterol above 190 mg/dL, and triglycerides above 150 mg/dL. An association was identified between increased cardiovascular risk and age, SBP, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated glucose levels. Conclusion: Intense interventions for reduction and prevention of elevated alcohol intake, blood pressure levels, WHR, metabolic syndrome, blood glucose, and LDL-C levels, and low HDL-C levels are needed. In addition, a close monitoring of mine workers over 38 years of age who smoke, consume alcoholic beverages, and have altered blood glucose levels is important.

Tempo de aleitamento materno entre indígenas Xakriabá aldeados em Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil / Duration of breastfeeding among the indigenous Xakriabá people living in the Minas Gerais state, Southeast Brazil

OBJETIVO: Estimar a duração mediana do aleitamento materno na Terra Indígena Xakriabá e identificar fatores que se relacionaram ao tempo de amamentação nessa população. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo transversal, coletaram-se dados por meio de questionário que abrange características sociodemográficas, saúde e amamentação de 342 binômios mãe/criança, residentes na Terra Indígena Xakriabá, Minas Gerais, em 2007. Dados descritivos foram obtidos de 317 crianças que mamaram por pelo menos um dia, mas, para alcance dos objetivos, analisaram-se somente questionários que foram integralmente respondidos e que se referiam a crianças que mamaram por pelo menos um dia, ou seja, 82,2% (287) do universo das 349 crianças indígenas menores de 3 anos, pelo método de Kaplan Meier e modelo de Regressão de Cox. RESULTADOS: A maioria das crianças era do sexo masculino (52,0%), 1º, 2º ou 3º filho (53,6%) e teve o leite materno como primeiro alimento (94,6%). A duração mediana do aleitamento materno exclusivo e do aleitamento materno foi de 11,73 meses e 7,27 dias, respectivamente, sendo os meninos e as crianças nascidas na 4ª ordem ou adiante os mais vulneráveis ao desmame. CONCLUSÃO: Na Terra Indígena Xakriabá, a duração mediana do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi curta, e metade das crianças deixou de ter os benefícios nutricionais, imunológicos e funcionais do leite materno em idade próxima a 12 meses, quando foram desmamadas. O sexo e a ordem de nascimento se relacionaram a essa duração, mas pesquisas poderiam ser realizadas para maior entendimento dos fatores socioculturais que se relacionaram ao tempo de amamentação nesta Terra Indígena. .

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the median duration of breastfeeding in the Xakriabá Indigenous lands and identify the factors related to breastfeeding duration among these people. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data regarding health, breastfeeding, and socio-demographic characteristics of 342 mothers/children living in this Indigenous Land in Minas Gerais in 2007 were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive data of 317 children who were breastfed for at least one day were obtained, but in order to achieve this study objective, only the questionnaires that were fully completed and referred to children who were breastfed for at least one day were analyzed, i.e., 82.2% (287 children) of the total population of indigenous children under 3 years old (349). Data were analyzed using the Kaplan Meier method and the Cox regression model. RESULTS: The majority of children were male (52.0%), 53.6% were the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd born child, and 94.6% were breastfed as the first form of nutrition. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding was 11.73 months and 7.27 days, respectively; the boys and the 4th or further children were weaned earlier. CONCLUSION: In the Xakriabá Indigenous Land, the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding is short and half of the children were weaned at around 12 months of age, and therefore they could no longer reap the nutritional, immunological and functional benefits provided by breast milk. Gender and birth order were associated with the duration of breastfeeding, but further studies are needed to better understand the sociocultural factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in this Indigenous Land. .