ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant potential of lectin from the endophytic fungi of Viscum album. Place and duration of study: Department of Biotechnology, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology campus, Tumkur, Karnataka, India between November 2012 and March 2013. Methodology: Isolation, identification of endophytic fungi from Viscum album, mass production, lectin isolation, purification using affinity chromatography. In vitro antioxidant activity of lectin using total antioxidant assay, DPPH, FRAP, Fe3+ reducing assay and H2O2 scavenging activity. Result: Different endophytic fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Trichothecium sp. Isolated lectin was capable of agglutinating A+ve erythrocytes, various in vitro antioxidant assays were carried out. Total antioxidant activity showed that (418μg/mg) of ascorbic acid equivalent in the Viscum album extract, among endophyhtes higher activity observed in Fusarium oxysporum (348.54 μg/mg). DPPH assay showed endophytic lectin significantly reduced DPPH free radicals with the low IC50 value observed in Aspergillus flavus (127.9μg/ml) in compared to Viscum album (92.4μg/ml). Highest FRAP value was observed in the location from Viscum album of (180.12μg/ml) among endophytes Aspergillus flavus showed (133.22μg/ml) of the ascorbic acid equivalent of Fe2+/ mg of listing. In Fe3+ reducing ability showed concentration dependent reduction in Fe3+ to Fe2+, low IC50 value was observed in endophytic lectin Fusarium oxysporum (143.4 μg/ml). These values are slightly higher in relation to Viscum album (120.3μg/ml). In H2O2 scavenging activity there was concentration dependent scavenging activity was observed, IC50 value in Fusarium moniliforme was (171.2 μg/ml) , Viscum album is listing showed (183.4 μg/ml). Conclusion: Lectin isolated from endophytic fungi relieved that it was capable of scavenging the free radicals, antioxidant activity was comparatively higher in endophytes than compared with Viscum album. Endophytic lectin could be a novel source for scavenging the free radicals having pharmaceutical value.
ABSTRACT
Tomato leaf curl begomovirus and its vector whitaefly (Bemisia tabaci) are the major limiting factors, which cause substantial yield loss in tomato. Present investigations on Invitro efficacy of new insecticide molecules on whitefly mortality and leaf curl virus transmission revealed that adult mortality varies with the length of incubation period of different insecticides, as increase in the concentration of insecticides, adult mortality was more in the initial hrs of incubation. Among the test chemicals, cyantraniliprole 10 OD at 60 and 75 g.a.i/ha have knockdown effect and caused 100 per cent mortality at 48 hrs after treatments and also recorded least virus transmission (10 and 5 % respectively). Whiteflies remained active and caused 100 per cent transmission of leaf curl virus in the untreated check. The incidence of B. tabaci and tomato leaf curl virus disease (disease inoculums) was stastically varied with respect to different dose of insecticides evaluated at two different levels of observation. Among the different concentrations of new molecule cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr 10 OD) (45, 60 and 75 g.a.i/ha) tested, cyantraniliprole 10 OD at 60 and 75 g.a.i/ha. were found more effect in reducing both whitefly and disease incidence at first and final observation with the least whitefly population and leaf curl disease incidence. Correspondingly the yields were high in plot received cyantraniliprole 10 OD 75 g.a.i/ha (32.5tons/ha) and significantly superior over the standard check triazophos (23.5tons/ha.) followed by cyantraniliprole 10 OD at 60 g.a.i/ha (29.2 tons/ha) and cyantraniliprole 10 OD at 45 g.a.i/ha (27.4 tons/ha).