ABSTRACT
Background: Diarrhea is a public health problem globally, being the 2nd leading cause of death in children under 5 years. Dehydration as well as malnutrition are also serious consequences of diarrhea. This study was carried out with an aim to focus on the clinical and demographic profile of diarrheal patients of pediatric age.Methods: Infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years were analysed for age and gender distribution, chief complaints, feeding practices, nutritional status and assessment of dehydration; from January 2018 to June 2019 in the Department of Pediatrics of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.Results: Total 150 patients were analysed. Almost 50.67% group A and 41.34% group B patients belonged to toddlerhood. Male preponderance was also noted. Along with diarrhea, vomiting was noted in 22 group A and 21 group B and fever in 19 group A and 29 group B patients. Approximately 41-45% patients had no malnutrition and 55-60% had no dehydration in both the study groups.Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding dog bite and its management among the rural people fever and vomiting were most frequently associated with diarrhea. A little less than half of the study participants had some-dehydration. Nearly half of the patients belonged to toddler age group. Majority of the patients were exclusively breast-fed for six months.
ABSTRACT
Background: The most obvious and important changes during puberty are secondary sexual characters. To check the correlation between testicular volumes with secondary sexual characters, nutritional status in Udaipur schoolboy's assessment of testicular volume by prayer orchidometer is easy and reliable and accurate method in community. Aim of the study was to find out mean testicular volume by prader orchidometer at different stages of pubertal development.Methods: Children between 10 to 18 years of age (525 in numbers) from schools of Udaipur city were included. Children thoroughly examined for presence of any systemic disorders or major surgery was excluded. Informed consent with parents was taken Testicular volume assessment done by praders orchidometer with Tanner staging and correlation was statically analysed.Results: Maximum boys belonged to 15-16 years of age group (14.7%), and minimum belongs to 10-11 years age group (9.3%). Secondary sexual characters increases as mean testicular volume increases. The mean testicular volume for P1 (4.46 ml) and P5 (22.68 ml) and G1 (4.69 ml) and G5 (23.27 ml) with a p<0.05.Conclusions: Testicular volume adds more objectivity in SMR detection and helps to differentiate early genital maturation than pubic hair. Study population had early rise of testicular volume before pubic hair clinically visible which shows that testicular volume is the first to increase with the onset of puberty.
ABSTRACT
Background: Worldwide 16% of death in children under the age 5 years is only due to pneumonia every year. Among the diagnostic modality x-ray chest is simple tool to diagnose the pneumonia especially in developing country like in India. Aims of study was to know the incidence of radiologically proven pneumonia and to see the correlation between x-rays findings and clinical severity of pneumonia, so as to predict the severity of pneumonia on the basis of x-ray chest done on first day of hospitalization.Methods: We did the study in department of pediatrics at tertiary care centre, total 150 patients of pneumonia (2 months to 5 years age) enrolled on clinical basis. X-ray chest done in all patients on first contact.Results: Out of 150 patients, 54% of patient having radiologically proven pneumonia while 46% were normal x-ray findings. We found that interstitial pneumonia were more common in younger children, but lobar pneumonia were more common in older children, but in severe and very severe pneumonia cases most common radiologically proven pneumonia were bronchopneumonia in all age group, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: So the basis of start of treatment should be on the clinical background and clinical severity, not only on the basis of x-ray chest findings. Late x-ray films give more chance of positive findings, multilobar infiltration or diffuse heterogeneous opacity in lungs positively correlated with clinical severity and gives idea about course and duration of hospitalization.
ABSTRACT
Background: is the Pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score which has been devised by Pollock et al, to predict the mortality in hospitalized children. PRISM score is a revised form of physiologic stability index of mortality score.Methods: A observational prospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, Udaipur Rajasthan over period of March 2017 to September 2018. Total 207 patient were enrolled in study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Total 29.92% had PRISM III score of 0 to 5, 25.45% had score of 6-10, 16.53% had score of 11-15, 13.12% had score of 16-20, 7.61% between 21 to 25, 4.72% between 26-30 and 2.62% had score of greater than 30. There was no mortality when the PRISM score of the child was between 0 to 5. The percentage of deaths increased progressively with increasing PRISM score.Conclusions: There was no significance difference in predicted from PRISM score and the actual death. The expected mortality was comparable to actual death, except in children who required mechanical ventilation and vasopressor drugs.
ABSTRACT
Background: Infectious diseases are now the world's biggest killer of children and young adults. Over the last three decades a lot of progress has been made globally as far as protection against six important vaccine preventable diseases is concerned. The major cause of non-immunization and partial immunization in most of the studies conducted in India and abroad suggest lack of knowledge and awareness about vaccination in the community.Methods: 400 children aged 12-24 months from urban and rural areas (200 each) of Udaipur in a randomized manner were included in this study. For coverage and evaluation of vaccination in this study, informants preferably mothers were interviewed using pre-coded and pretested questionnaire by door to door visit from 1st April 2017 to 31st March 2018, in urban and rural areas of Udaipur and if mother was not available then father or any other person >18 years belonging to the household was asked to respond to questionnaire.Results: The present study was undertaken to find out the vaccination coverage in eligible population in rural and urban blocks of Udaipur. Out of 400 children evaluated. More than half (60.25%) of children were completely immunized. 29.5% children were partially immunized and 10.25% were not immunized at all.Conclusions: Lack of knowledge and awareness were the main reason for non-immunization (44.4%) and partial immunization (29.4%) respectively.