ABSTRACT
Background: Patients infected with HIV have an increased risk of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage as well as consecutive staphylococcal infections and is a major reservoir for MRSA which is potential risk factors for community acquired MRSA. Knowing the Nasal carriage status of Staphylococcus aureus and their Antibiogram will be beneficial for effective management of these patients.Methods: Nasal swab sample were collected from all the participants and processed for culture and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and their antimicrobial sensitivity. All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested for Methicillin resistance by Oxacillin screen agar test, cefoxitin disc diffusion test and further confirmed by mecA gene PCR.Results: In this study out of 220 HIV seropositive patients, 43.64% isolates were confirmed to be S. aureus, 18.75% MRSA and 81.25% were MSSA. Cefoxitin disc diffusion showed 100% specificity (95% CI; 97.05%-100.00%), 100% sensitivity (95% CI; 83.89-100.00%) and 100% accuracy (95% CI; 97.47% to 100.00%) while comparing with gold standard mecA gene PCR. Among the nasal carriers; males (60%) ware dominant on females (40%). 31-50 years age group was strongly associated with MRSA nasal carriage. None of the isolates were resistant against lenozolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin while ampicillin (75%), ciprofloxacin (62.5%), clindamycin (59.38%) and cotrimoxazole (53.13%) showed increased resistance against S. aureus nasal carriage.Conclusions: Resistance among HIV positive persons for all antibiotics showed statistically significant while compared to control group. Cefoxitin disc diffusion can be used as surrogate agent for mecA gene detection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cosmetics have been used since the oldest known civilizations, and nowadays almost everybody resorts to beauty products.. Reactions to cosmetics constitute a small but significant number of cases of contact dermatitis that can present with varied appearances. Aims and objective: evaluate cosmetic dermatitis using cosmetics. Methods: The study was performed over a period of 6 months, starting in April 2015 in the Rohilkhand medical college and hospital. 200 patients were selected in skin OPD. The patients filled in a self-administered questionnaire concerning their use of cosmetics and skin care products and reported suspected current or previous adverse reactions to such products. Results: The patch test is done female are more adverse reaction than male. In female eye make 12% bindi 3% ,soap 2% tooth paste 4% hair dye 23% lipstick 4% manicure 6% deodrants 8% nail polish 3% nail polish remover is 6% and shampoo is 1% adverse reaction. Conclusion: cosmetics causing dermatitis. It is more common in female as compare to female.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dermatophytoses are commonly encountered fungal diseases prevalent in most parts of the world especially in tropical countries. It is a superficial mycotic infection affecting hair, skin and nails. The present study was carried out to determine the incidence of dermatophytoses and their etiological agent in different age groups attending the Dermatology department. Methods: A total of 200 samples were taken from skin department and processed by direct KOH preparation & fungal culture methods. Identification of the species was done by Lactophenol Cotton Blue mount from colony. Results: Our study shows that males 60 (68.41%) are more infected than females 40 (31.59%) Tinea corporis was the commonest clinical type 59 (55.75%). The commonest fungal isolate is Trichophyton species (51.72%), followed by Micro-sporum 38 (36.92%) and Epidermophyton species 11(9.31 %). Conclusion: Male have higher fungal infection rate than females. Trichophyton rubrum is the common isolate in our geographical area. KOH preparation has higher positivity rate than culture.
ABSTRACT
Background: The major cardiovascular risk factors i.e. smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia; person having only one of these risk factors show a 2-4 times increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease. Studied have also shown the beneficial effect of smoking cessation on the serum lipids, mainly HDL cholesterol. The risk of coronary artery disease reverts rapidly after cessation of smoking. Material and method:-Present study is conducted to reveal the effect of smoking on the lipid profile in male subject. The cross-sectional study was done in 60 male subjects age ranging from 30 to 45 years. The subjects were divided into control group (n=30) and study group i.e. smokers (n=30). All subjects were belongs from either social class 2 or 3 according to Modified Prasad’s social classification. About 5 ml of venous blood will be obtained after 10-12 hours of fasting and analysis of lipid profile was done. Result: Total Cholesterol, Total Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-Cholesterol), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL- Cholesterol) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL-Cholesterol) will be calculated by Friedwald and Friedrickson formula. There is significant difference in lipid profile parameter of control and smokers. The Total Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol ,VLDL-Cholesterol of control and smokers are respectively, which is increase significantly (p<0.05) in smokers then control. The HDL-Cholesterol of control and smokers is decrease significantly (p<0.05) in smokers then control. Conclusion: Hence we concluded that strict measures should be taken up to control the prevalence of the habits of smoking and preventing the risk factor for cardio vascular diseases, hypertension etc.