ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic evaluation is crucial in clinical practice, and no studies have reported the intra- and interobserver reproducibilities of the radiographic method to evaluate diaphragmatic mobility. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reliability of radiographic measurement as a method for assessing the mobility of the left and right hemidiaphragms. METHOD: Forty-two patients, who were waiting for cholecystectomy surgery, were evaluated relative to the following parameters: physical examination, pulmonary function and radiographic evaluation. The measure of mobility of each hemidiaphragm was randomly determined by two physical therapists at two different times. The intra- and interobserver reproducibilities of the measurements were determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[2,1]) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). The Bland-Altman plot was also used. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: In the analysis of intra-observer reproducibility in radiographic evaluations of the left and right hemidiaphragms, ICC[2,1] indicated a "very high correlation" for both observer A (ICC[2,1] = 0.99, p <0.001 and ICC[2,1] = 0.97, p <0.001, respectively) and observer B (ICC[2,1] = 0.99, p <0.001 and ICC[2,1] = 0.99 p <0.001, respectively). In the analysis of interobserver reproducibility, the ICC[2,1] indicated a "very high correlation" for the 1st and 2nd radiographic evaluations of the right hemidiaphragm (ICC[2,1] = 0.98 and ICC[2,1] = 0,99, respectively, p <0.001) and left hemidiaphragm (ICC[2,1] = 0.98 and ICC[2,1] = 0.99, respectively, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: The intra and interobserver tests of the radiographic measure of mobility of the left and right hemidiaphragms showed high reliability. .
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A avaliação diafragmática é fundamental na prática clínica, e não existem estudos que verificam a reprodutibilidade intra e interobservadores do método radiográfico com objetivo de avaliar a mobilidade diafragmática. OBJETIVO: Analisar a confiabilidade da medida radiográfica como método de avaliação da mobilidade dos hemidiafragmas direito e esquerdo. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 42 pacientes no pré-operatório de colecistectomia. Os parâmetros utilizados foram: exame físico, prova de função pulmonar e avaliação radiográfica. A medida da mobilidade de cada hemidiafragma foi determinada, aleatoriamente, por dois fisioterapeutas em dois momentos. A reprodutibilidade intra e interobservadores das medidas foi determinada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC[2,1]) e pelo intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. A disposição gráfica de Bland & Altman também foi utilizada. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Na análise da reprodutibilidade intraobservador, o ICC[2,1] indicou "correlação muito alta" para o observador A na avaliação radiográfica dos hemidiafragmas direito e esquerdo (ICC[2,1] = 0,99, p<0,001 e ICC[2,1] = 0,97 p<0,001, respectivamente) e também para o observador B (ICC[2,1] = 0,99, p<0,001 e ICC[2,1] = 0,99 p<0,001, respectivamente). Na análise da reprodutibilidade interobservadores, o ICC[2,1] indicou "correlação muito alta" para a 1ª e 2ª avaliações radiográficas dos hemidiafragmas direito (ICC[2,1] = 0,98 e ICC[2,1] = 0,99, respectivamente, p<0,001) e esquerdo (ICC[2,1] = 0,98 e ICC[2,1] = 0,99, respectivamente, p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: ...
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Diaphragm/physiology , Diaphragm , Movement , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is currently no consensus on the indication and benefits of breathing exercises for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications PPCs and for the recovery of pulmonary mechanics. OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized studies that assessed the effects of breathing exercises on the recovery of pulmonary function and prevention of PCCs after upper abdominal surgery UAS. METHOD: Search Strategy: We searched the Physiotherapy Evidence Database PEDro, Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Selection Criteria: We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials on pre- and postoperative UAS patients, in which the primary intervention was breathing exercises without the use of incentive inspirometers. Data Collection and Analysis: The methodological quality of the studies was rated according to the PEDro scale. Data on maximal respiratory pressures MIP and MEP, spirometry, diaphragm mobility, and postoperative complications were extracted and analyzed. Data were pooled in fixed-effect meta-analysis whenever possible. RESULTS: Six studies were used for analysis. Two meta-analyses including 66 participants each showed that, on the first day post-operative, the breathing exercises were likely to have induced MEP and MIP improvement treatment effects of 11.44 mmH2O (95%CI 0.88 to 22) and 11.78 mmH2O (95%CI 2.47 to 21.09), respectively. CONCLUSION: Breathing exercises are likely to have a beneficial effect on respiratory muscle strength in patients submitted to UAS, however the lack of good quality studies hinders a clear conclusion on the subject.
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